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neuroscience

128 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

NeuronSifter: Intervention Planning in CNS Microenvironments

NeuronSifter treats decision quality as a property of the intervention interface, not of controller placement, and selects measurements by their expected reduction in intervention loss, assimilating typed outcomes into the same posterior.

Hao-Wei Xu, Wan-Yi Fu, Hong-Bin Han et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

NeuronDiscover: Agent-in-Twin for Mechanistic Discovery in Neuronal Microenvironments with World Action Models

NeuronDiscover is an Agent-in-Twin framework whose shared, mechanism-grounded World Action Model (WAM) couples prediction, intervention proposals, and observation design; independently adjudicated outcomes revise a scoped Mechanism--Intervention--Observation--Outcome (MIOY) graph, whose supported relations compile into...

Hao-Wei Xu, Wan-Yi Fu, Hong-Bin Han et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

FAST-Brain: A Flow-Aligned Spatio-Temporal Surrogate Brain Model

FAST-Brain is proposed, a unified flow-aligned spatio-temporal surrogate brain model that addresses all three challenges of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, and achieves state-of-the-art performance in recovering functional connectivity, effective connectivity, and the implicit low-dimensional...

Shu-Cheng Liu, Chang-Chun Shi, Kai Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

T-SNN: Temporal Simplicial Neural Network for EEG Decoding

The Temporal Simplicial Neural Network is introduced, which represents EEG recordings as sequences of evolving simplicial complexes, and jointly learns higher-order interactions and their temporal evolution by combining simplicial convolutions with recurrent updates.

Nikita Malik, Shubhajit Roy, Mohit Kataria et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Gaussian Assumptions: Distribution-Aware Channel Capacity for Effective Connectivity

A distribution-aware, information-theoretic measure of effective connectivity based on channel capacity under general residual distributions based on normalizing flows is introduced, and a principled distribution-aware framework for effective-connectivity estimation beyond Gaussian residual modeling is established.

Jia-Nan Jian, Jacob Kang, Nurahmed Multezem et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Recovery-Directed Symbolic Distillation of Neural Likelihoods

This work introduces a symbolic distillation pipeline that converts trained neural likelihoods into explicit, interpretable expressions optimized for efficient parameter estimation, and uses a recovery-directed objective to guide symbolic regression toward expressions that preserve parameter-recovery accuracy.

Kiante Fernandez, Xin-Wei Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

When Does Depth Matter For In-Context Learning? Adaptive Inference in Deep Transformers

Transformers perform computations through many successive attention and feedforward blocks, allowing them to learn complex correlations between a large collection of coupled variables. When does stacking successive attention-feedforward computations over many layers provide a computational advantage over a single trans...

Ravin Raj, Gautam Reddy · 0 citations

Scaling Vision Transformers for Functional MRI with Flat Maps

A new model family (CortexMAE) trained using the masked autoencoder framework is introduced, and in this setting the CortexMAE family outperforms prior models by a large margin, and the first open evaluation suite (Brainmarks) for fMRI foundation models is released.

Connor Lane, Mihir Tripathy, L. Murali et al. · 5 citations · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Explainable Deep Learning of Resting-State Functional Connectomes Reveals Network Biomarkers of Adolescent Intelligence

An explainable deep learning framework based on sparse projected residual networks to predict fluid, crystallized, and total intelligence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 5,285 participants from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study suggests that intelligence emerges from the inter...

Md. Tanvir Rahman, Nabil Anan Orka, Asaduzzaman Khan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

On the Limits of Metacognitive Monitoring in LLMs

Reliable decisions depend on recognizing when an answer may be wrong. In biological cognition, metacognitive monitoring can dissociate from task performance, raising the question of how closely solving and judging are linked in language models. Here we study the confidence reports of four frontier models across 15 benc...

Dong-Qi Han, Yifan Yang, Dong-Sheng Li · 0 citations

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