We connect the spurious-reward paradox to a model's reachability and propose random-reward reinforcement learning (RL) as a useful tool for the probing enterprise, addressing a decade-long debate over what probing performance actually reveals about a model. There are two prevailing explanations for the surprising findi...
Yu-Zhu Mao, Lei Yu, Zi-Ning Zhu et al.· 0 citations
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have significantly democratized access to legal information. Nevertheless, most existing legal assistants remain confined to multi-turn conversational QA, failing to support complex legal tasks that require systematic evidence retr...
Xiaoxia Cheng, Lin-Nan Wang, Jia-Hao Ma et al.· 0 citations
Diffusion language models (DLMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive (AR) language generation. Recent advances in continuous DLMs, which apply latent diffusion to continuous text embeddings, raise a practical question: which embedding makes the best latent space, i.e., the most diffusible? To answer this, w...
Ze-Kai Zhang, Yun-Jie Tian, Yan-Jin He et al.· 0 citations
Large language models often lose track of persistent instructions and relevant information as multi-turn conversations grow. We study this cumulative contextual decay through three related failure modes: attention pollution, dilution, and drift. We propose REA (Role-aware Heuristic Episodic Attention), a context-manage...
Wan-Yang Hong, Zhao-Ning Zhang, Yi Chen et al.· 0 citations
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As large language models (LLMs) move from standalone assistants into agentic workflows, evaluation must extend beyond scalar leaderboard accuracy to account for operational reliability, cost, latency, and token efficiency. We use an agentic ensemble of small language models (SLMs) with an SLM-judge-mediated feedback lo...
Alexei N. Skurikhin, Emily M. Taylor, Nathan A. DeBardeleben· 0 citations
As large language models are increasingly deployed across diverse downstream tasks, efficient task adaptation has emerged as a central challenge. In response, a wide range of task adaptation methods have been proposed, spanning parameter-efficient fine-tuning, in-context learning, and embedding-injection approaches. Ho...
Jungwon Park, Changin Choi, Jimyeong Kim et al.· 0 citations
Robust detection of AI-generated text under deployment conditions is challenging: distribution shifts across domains and generators, adversarial perturbations of the input surface, and the absence of target-domain labels for threshold calibration all degrade detectors that perform well in-domain. We present DeBERTa-Con...
Mohamed Mady, Yu-Pei Li, Johannes Reschke et al.· 0 citations
Structured phonological representations provide an interpretable alternative to generic speech embeddings, but existing models are largely trained on adult speech. We adapt PhonoQ-2.0 to child speech using CHILDES-Aligned data and compare three alignment-supervision conditions (Adult, Adult+Child, and Child-only) acros...
Abner Hernandez, T. A. Vergara, Andreas K. Maier et al.· 0 citations
Objective: To assess the accuracy and efficiency of a large language model (LLM) using two prompt strategies to extract structured data from ophthalmic diagnostic PDF reports. Methods: Twenty deidentified reports across four types (Visual Field, OCT Glaucoma Overview, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer Single Exam, and OCT...
Umair A. Zaidi, An-Lun Wu, Wei-Chun Lin et al.· 0 citations
Synthetic data now is essential to LLM training, used to strengthen advanced capabilities such as autonomous and long-horizon task execution. Yet recent work shows that training on it at scale can degrade model generation, making it important to decide what synthetic data is worth training on. While current data curati...
Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for claim verification, yet remain brittle for numerical reasoning: even small changes in value can sharply degrade accuracy. We show that this brittleness persists in frontier LLMs, but can be mitigated through adversarial fine-tuning on numerically perturbed examples. Usin...
Language models (LMs) are increasingly used for tasks that require reasoning about hidden variables from a few observations, for which Bayesian inference is the normatively correct solution. While supervised fine-tuning of an LM on the outputs of an optimal $\textit{Bayesian}$ model leads to near-Bayesian behavior, sta...
Polina Tsvilodub, Andreas Waldis, Lin-Lu Qiu et al.· 0 citations
A new method, called CW-Net, translates the reasoning process of an autonomous vehicle’s AI system into understandable concepts that explain its behavior.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduAug 31, 2026
With millions of users across the world, Julia has been used to conduct cutting-edge research and to design new drugs, jet engines, heat pumps, and more.