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natural language processing

6,613 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Safe Context Switching for Agents in the Wild: Mitigating Subspace Interference via Orthogonal Adaptation

Most Large Language Models exhibit a fundamental tension between two sequential tasks, such as logical reasoning and safety alignment. The high-variance internal states required for sophisticated Chain-of-Thought (CoT) deduction can geometrically interfere with latent representations encoding safety constraints. We ide...

Akash Das, Ishan Roy · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Monitorability Disposition in Large Reasoning Models

Monitoring the chain-of-thought (CoT) of large reasoning models (LRMs) is a common way to detect misbehavior in real-world practice. However, current monitoring is passive: a separate model inspects the session only after execution. This means harm may already have occurred before it is caught. An active alternative is...

Shahriar Golchin, Marc Wetter · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

SpecFold: Folding Multi-Branch Redundancy for Faster Speculative Decoding in Diffusion Language Models

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) generate text through iterative block denoising, and multi-branch speculative decoding accelerates this process by verifying a main branch together with multiple draft branches in a single forward pass. While prior DLLM acceleration methods primarily exploit temporal redundancy a...

Chung-En Ho, Wei-Yu Sun, Cheng-Jhih Shih et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agent Behavior as Code: Efficient and Robust LLM Agents with Programmatic Specifications

AI agents based on foundation models (FMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities to perform complex open-ended tasks. However, they face some common challenges in practice: (a) agent behavior can deviate drastically even for semantically similar tasks, leading to catastrophically propagated errors; (b) high cost and la...

Peng Qi, Chunliang Lyu, Gang Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

Not Self-Decidable: LLMs Cannot Draw the Boundary of What an Agent Verifier Can Check

A verifier for an agent faces rules of two kinds: the ones a fixed check can settle and the ones that require a judge. A team that derives its own checks fixes that split up front. Where the requirements come from outside, as in finance, healthcare and law, the agent enforces rules it did not write, so the split falls...

Anthony Rhodes · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Penumbra: Sample-Efficient Adversarial Search for Regulatory Obligations

Agents are entering finance, healthcare and law, sectors where a violation leaves no lexical signature and carries real penalties. Whether an omission is material, or a disclosure sufficient, depends on what the response left out. Probing such an obligation means finding responses one minimal edit from flipping complia...

Anthony Rhodes · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Debate Helps: Proposal Supply and Verification-Aware Readout in Multi-Agent Reasoning

Multi-agent debate can improve reasoning, yet often fails to beat simple majority voting. We argue that successful debate requires two distinct mechanisms: proposal supply must surface a correct answer, and readout must identify that answer when voting misses it. We formalize the first requirement through recoverable h...

Zihao Zhao, Tunyu Zhang, Haizhou Shi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Strong Helps Weak: Directional Cross-Modal Alignment Transfer in Multi-modal LLMs

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong modality understanding by pairing a large language model (LLM) with an encoder for a target modality such as vision, video, or audio. However, improving an MLLM's capability for a given modality typically requires additional training on large modality-specific da...

H. Seo, Byung Hyun Lee, Minjun Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Autonomous Structuring of Radiology Reports Across Modalities at Archive Scale Using an Open-Weight Large Language Model

Purpose: To develop and evaluate an open-weight large language model (LLM) pipeline that converts an entire archive of free-text radiology reports into structured reports without human oversight. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a pipeline with 150 hierarchically organized templates was developed at...

Friedrich Puttkammer, F. Drexel, Marlene Fritzsche et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ShadowMiner v1 - An Experience Report on Implementing and Measuring a Problem-and-Hypothesis Discovery Engine

ShadowMiner v1 is a system that automatically discovers research problems and generates hypotheses from AI papers. It is a nine-stage pipeline. It structures documents into a knowledge graph and finds graph gaps in it - structural blind spots in research. These graph gaps are included in the LLM generation prompt. Each...

Jinhyuk Choi · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Suppressing Pressure, Amplifying Evidence: Self-Guided Attention Steering to Mitigate Sycophancy and Stubbornness

Reliable language models should resist unsupported user pressure while effectively using objective contextual information. However, models may exhibit sycophancy by yielding to unsupported user pressure or contextual stubbornness by failing to update their answers when relevant contextual information warrants revision....

Yinghao He, Mengyu Xu, Haixiang Sun et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Bidirectional Preference Synthesis: Learning Prompt-Conditioned Preferences from Boundary Failures

Correction-based offline preference pipelines commonly treat model failures only as rejected responses under the original prompt. This supervision is incomplete for boundary failures: responses that violate the given instruction yet coherently satisfy a nearby intent or constraint setting. We introduce Bidirectional Pr...

Junbo Wang (Kuaishou Technology, Nanjing University), Lidong Lu (Nanjing University) et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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