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natural language processing

9,261 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

How Many Humans Are 32 LLM Judges Worth?

A realizable hard-label construction confirms that higher spectral diversity can coexist with worse distribution recovery even under equal member energies and nonnegative correlations, and the consensus direction retains $\gamma_{\mathrm{co}}=43.8\%$, $33.7\%$, and $35.9\%$ of centered residual variance.

Chao Li, Ying-Ying Yu, Yun-Feng Li · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Rewarding Efficient Reasoning Improves Abstention on Underspecified Tasks in Reasoning Models

This work takes inspiration from a resource-rational perspective on human cognition and introduces a novel GRPO reward that encourages efficient reasoning about whether the task contains all the information needed to solve it, leading to human-like abstention performance gains.

Polina Tsvilodub, M. Höth, Michael Franke et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Jul 2026

PhysioBench: A Unified Benchmark for Physiological Signal Question Answering

This work evaluates 21 representative models, including large language models, vision-language models, time-series language models, and physiological signal foundation models under three complementary settings, and shows that none of the evaluated models achieves consistently strong performance across physiological sig...

Meng-Xuan Li, Jun-Fa Chen, Jin-Ze Xia et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Recursive Language Models Generalize Out of Domain

We study when limiting what a language model can see improves learning. We compare standard CoT, the more general learner that reads the full trace, with recursive language models, which restricts itself by solving each subtask in an isolated context. In-distribution, this generality comes for free: CoT can efficiently...

Chenxiao Yang, Zhiyuan Li, David McAllester et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Jul 2026

Beyond WER: Entity and Disfluency Recall in Accented Conversational ASR

A three-stage pipeline for speakers from India, Indonesia, and Latin America achieves 80-85% entity recall, 76-86% filler recall, and 6-10% WER across 6k test utterances, outperforming Whisper and a commercial ASR on entity recall while matching a zero-shot 30B model with 10x fewer parameters.

Fiza Husain, Ankit Pandey, Y. Singh · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

TALON: A Temporally Aware Longitudinal Framework for Radiology Report Generation

Current radiology report generation (RRG) models usually produce descriptive reports based on a single examination or only the most recent prior examination, limiting their ability to perform accurate and meaningful longitudinal comparisons and detect subtle interval changes. Although recent approaches have begun to in...

Nien-Tsyr Sun, Min-Chen Chen, Hui Nien Hung et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

HERMES: Contrast-Aware Knowledge Graph Reasoning from Clinical Notes for Patient Outcome Prediction

Clinical predictive models often rely on structured Electronic Health Record data, such as time-series and procedure codes. While recent approaches have begun leveraging unstructured clinical notes, they typically encode them as flat sequences, which may lose explicit relational and temporal structure present in clinic...

Gia-Bach Nguyen, Hoang-Ha Nguyen, Tuan-Cuong Vuong et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Abstention and Noise Filtering: Two Missing Primitives of Softmax Attention

Gating the value pathway of attention reportedly improves language model pretraining, and prior studies disagree on why. We argue and provide experimental evidence that such gates supply two different things that softmax attention lacks: abstention and noise filtering. The first is abstention, which allows an attention...

Richard Zhe Wang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

FairLMs: A Turnkey Library for Fairness in Language Models

A Python library that connects fairness research on language models through explicit declarations of model capabilities and input requirements, so that compatible components can be combined, methods compared under a common protocol, and workflows extended to new models and datasets.

Jia-Le Zhang, Michael M. Larionov, Zi-Chong Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Jul 2026

Sixteen models, fewer than two voices: measuring ensemble dispersion where no answer is uniquely correct

Sixteen language models drawn from ten families produced, on average, the semantic diversity of 1.69 distinct formulations of a psychotherapeutic case, against a single-model baseline of 1.43 from one model's own runs. Ensembles place more than one reading before a decision-maker on the premise that several models supp...

Mario Vega-Barbas, Lidia Mora-Valenciano, Iván Pau et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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