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natural language processing

9,049 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

LabourCrew: A Multi-Agent RAG Framework for Trustworthy Adversarial Deliberation and Statutory Reasoning over Labour Law

In statutory question answering, every claim must be traceable to evidence, not merely relevant, since unverifiable labour-rights answers carry serious legal consequences. Current systems fall short: single-pass RAG cannot detect insufficient evidence, while multi-agent legal-debate systems treat grounding as a prompti...

Fatema Tuj Johora Faria, Mukaffi Bin Moin, Jubayer Al Mahmud et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

Beyond Unsafe Detection: Counterfactually Anchored Evidence Attribution for Multi-Turn LLM Safety Failures

A lightweight hierarchical attribution model is trained that predicts safety violations and attributes them to contributing user turns and token spans and preserves low false positive rates on benign conversations with high-risk vocabulary.

Srinivasan Subramanian, Kazi Aminul Islam, Md Abdullah Al Hafiz Khan · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

Improving LLM-based Autonomous Web Agents with Filtering

DeBERTa-based and T5-based models that rank HTML elements by their relevance to the task and a zero-shot ColBERT-based retriever that is able to retrieve the ground-truth element with a recall of 0.52 on Mind2Web and 0.47 on WebArena are developed.

Zhi-Tong Guo, Jing Yu Koh, Rui-Yu Li · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Hard Negatives Reveal What Easy Negatives Hide: Cross-Lingual Harmfulness Representations Degrade with Resource Tier Under Hard Negatives

Safety alignment in large language models is trained primarily in English, and recent work reports that the underlying harmfulness representation survives translation: English-trained probes separate harmful from harmless prompts almost as well in low-resource languages as in English. This has been taken as evidence th...

Paras Balani, Subhrakanta Panda · 0 citations

Consequential Behaviour and Representational Fairness in the Validation of Synthetic Research

Researchers in industry and academia use synthetic survey respondents powered by large language models as substitutes for human samples. These synthetic populations require validation against real-world data, so researchers often address them using ad hoc comparisons with human surveys. Inspired by the intention-behavi...

F. Kutzner, C. Kacperski, Laura de Molière et al. · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Same Scores, Different Decisions: Evaluating JEV and Language Models for Legal Document Understanding

Jev has the lowest cost and median response time among the evaluated configurations, while hosted language models achieve higher baseline accuracy and Rankings by baseline accuracy differ from rankings by correctness across every condition and repeat, although small differences in the latter do not establish a general...

Fan Zhang, Yan-Kai Chen, Zhuo-Han Xie et al. · 13 citations · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Path Matters: Evaluating Small Language Models Beyond Answer Accuracy in KGQA

This work isolates SLM graph reasoning from navigation and traceability capability by employing the THESEUS navigation and traceability framework and using frozen, off-the-shelf SLMs as local action policies, and results motivate evaluating SLM graph reasoning beyond endpoint accuracy alone.

Eduin E. Hernandez, Sergio A. Diaz, Luis F. Garcia et al. · 0 citations

Brain-to-Language Decoding: Tasks, Signals, Methods, Evaluation, Practical Use and Beyond

This survey connects Articulated, Inner and Perceived tasks to the neural populations they engage, the representations available to decoders and the outputs those representations can support, and outlines a prospective five-level trajectory from commands and language to meaning, scenarios and bidirectional cognitive ex...

Yi-Qian Yang, Yi-Qun Duan, Chen-Yu Liu et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Can Jev Judge Radiology Reports? Evaluating a System One Model for Clinical Factuality

Findings and error-scope analyses show that benchmark agreement reflects report size and error definitions as well as medical error detection, and local RadMatch achieves stronger agreement on clinically significant errors in both expert datasets and on total errors in the shared RadEvalExpert subset.

Jia-Ju Huang, Hao Yang, Xin-Yu Ma et al. · 7 citations · ⚡1
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

When Context Misleads: In-context Learning with Jurisdiction in Large Language Models

J-ICL is proposed, a post-training framework that incorporates context validation into the training objective and improves ICLEval and reality accuracy by an average of 5.84 percentage points and reality accuracy by 9.20 points over the corresponding base models.

Pei-Lin Li, Qing-Le Liu, Jun-Yang Feng et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

MWE-ECL: Recoverable Long-Range Context Does Not Always Override Local Lexical Priors

This work introduces Multiword Expression Effective Context Length (MWE-ECL), a bilingual diagnostic whose matched anchor-retrieval, no-anchor prior, and interpretation prompts measure explicit recoverability, model-observed defaults, and anchor-conditioned decisions, respectively.

Wei He, Aline Villavicencio, R. Wilkens et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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