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natural language processing

8,786 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Shockingly Simple Self-retrospection Improves Agentic Models Without RL

Retrospection-Only Fine-Tuning (ROFT), a minimal online procedure designed to isolate the effect of explanation-only training on subsequent behavior, is studied, showing that learning to explain can also improve learning to do and motivating further study of explanation-to-action transfer.

Jonathan Light, C. Cui, Jeonghye Kim et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Reinforcing Agentic Creativity in Scientific Ideation with Night Science

AI Night-Scientist is introduced, an agentic framework that uses reinforcement learning to teach models when and how to depart from predictable reasoning to suggest creativity is a learnable, multi-level ability that can be shaped to help researchers reach ideas beyond those typically explored by LLMs.

Priyanka Kargupta, Silviu Cucerzan, Shweti Mahajan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

TCSAlgBench: Benchmarking Automated Proving for Research-Level Theoretical Computer Science

TCSAlgBench provides a refreshable testbed for measuring progress in model reasoning and studying how agent workflows support research-level proof discovery, and evaluates ten model configurations from four families under direct inference and prover-verifier discussion, and compares four agent workflows under matched m...

Chu-Tong Yang, Xi-Yuan Zhang, Yu Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Share-Borne AI Virus: Memory-Hopping Attacks Across LLM Agents

This work introduces artifact-mediated propagation, where adversarial content introduced through an artifact is stored in an assistant's persistent memory, reproduced in a subsequently created artifact, and acquired by another assistant that later reads it.

Sidharth Pulipaka, Anshu Sharma, Stanislau Hlebik et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Representation Alignment as a Bottleneck in LLM-Based Retrosynthesis Planning

While LLMs show promise in general reasoning, symbolic planning in chemistry remains a bottleneck. Direct ''SMILES-to-PDDL'' attempts fail because they force models to juggle chemical analysis and planning-language structuring simultaneously. We hypothesize that this failure stems from a lack of intermediate abstractio...

Hyunwoo Yoo, Cassie Huang, Haebin Shin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

Self-Adapting Group of Experts for Multi-Agent Reasoning

This work introduces SAGE (Self-Adapting Group of Experts), a training-free framework that uses answer agreement, prefix consistency, and reciprocal peer review to select a strategy donor and transfers the selected donor's reasoning strategy to the other agents while preserving their original roles.

Mohammad Atif Quamar, Nurbek Tastan, Karthik Nandakumar et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Jailbreaks for Black-Box Uncertainty Quantification in Large Reasoning Models

While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning, alignment through reinforcement learning often induces systemic overconfidence. In production environments, where logits may be unavailable, robust black-box uncertainty quantification (UQ) is essential for trustworthiness and safety. Focusing on question-...

Lucas Biechy, Cédric Eichler, Adrien Boiret et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

EvoIn: Bridging Evolution and Internalization for Agent Fine-Tuning

EvoIn is an agent fine-tuning framework that bridges evolution and internalization, and consistently enables agents to learn stronger decision-making procedures, raising the pass rate by 10.9 points in-domain and by 9.2 points out-of-domain.

Shi-Han Dou, Shao-Hua Liu, Zhong-Hang Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

5W1H+Which: Context-Valid Semantic Indexing with Progressive Ontology Binding

This work proposes 5W1H+Which, a semantic indexing design that separates content extraction from ontology binding, and distinguishes business valid time, system knowledge time, and operational traces, and uses dependency records to support binding revalidation and the maintenance of derived conclusions.

Ya-Xiao Liu, Peng Liu, Yi-Wen Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

One Readout, Many Repairs: Diffusion-Guided Hierarchical Search for Tool-Agent Repair

Tool agents use large language models to act through external tools, yet successfully executed calls can still leave user requests unfulfilled. Tool-agent repair seeks alternative call sequences that execute successfully and fulfill the original requests. However, repair requires exploring both operation choices and th...

Xiang Xia, Cheng Yan, Fan Xu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

BV Loss: Block Verification-Aware Loss for Block Diffusion Speculative Decoding

Block Verification-aware loss (BV loss), a training objective designed to maximize the expected acceptance length of a drafted sequence, outperforms tokenwise acceptance objectives such as TV loss and LK loss, and its gains extend to token verification and greedy decoding.

Suyoung Kim, Jahyun Koo, Hyeonjin Kim et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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