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natural language processing

8,786 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

DynamicDx: Evaluating Evidence Acquisition in Video-Based Diagnosis

DynamicDx evaluates each step in 71 neurological consultations across 11 sign categories, linking authentic patient videos to confirmed diagnoses and fixed charts built from the same case reports, so that every model queries the same evidence.

Jia-Hui Li, Yu-Tong Guo, Nan Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Multimodal LLMs Outperform Pathology Foundation Models in Cross-Domain Histological Similarity

It is shown that general-purpose multimodal LLMs, without being trained as pathology foundation models, consistently outperform these specialized models in cross-domain histological similarity judgments, exposing a fundamental robustness gap in current pathology foundation models.

Yi-Shu Zhang, Yun Li, Dai-Wei Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Mind the Spike: Mechanisms and Brittleness of Visual Massive Activations in Large Vision-Language Models

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) inherit massive activations from their text-only bases: spikes where a few fixed hidden channels receive values thousands of times above the typical magnitude. The text spike systematically appears in early layers at a fixed initial position, independently of input content. Visual s...

Jonas Ngnaw\'e, Yann Pequignot, Sabyasachi Sahoo et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

How Far Do Persona Effects Generalize in Language Models?

A separate survey comparison finds that selecting the more responsive checkpoint can worsen human fit; responsiveness is confounded with training status, and temperature calibration largely removes this cost but not errors in group ordering.

Yu-Fan Zhou, Yuxuan Liu, En-Ze Ma et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Gradient-Guided Decoupled Adaptation for Geospatial Vision-Language Models

G2DA first partitions tasks into vision- and language-centric groups through gradient-guided cross-modal decoupling, then constructs modality-specific curricula based on task gradient similarity and employs bidirectional rehearsal to mitigate the recency effects introduced by sequential optimization.

Dong-Dong Wang, D. Balakrishnan, Ravi Srinivasan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

LLM Alignment--Utility Asymmetry under Semantic-Preserving Transformations

Synthetic semantic-preserving transformations that are rule-based and invertible are used as a probe of alignment generalization and suggest that semantic-preserving distribution shifts can expose a recurring gap in how utility and alignment generalize in current LLMs.

Mo-Han Li, Cheng-Yu Yu, Francesco Sovrano et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The GUI Is Not the State: Diagnosing State Aliasing in GUI World Models

Experiments show that existing GUI-WMs exhibit systematic failures under observation-only condition, while predictive-state augmentation substantially restores state-sensitive pre- diction across evaluated WMs, preserves generative fidelity, and improves down- stream performance of GUI agents on AndroidWorld.

Dong-Sheng Liu, Chao Jin, Wen-Kui Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Alignment Paradox: How Post-Training Amplifies Confident Hallucinations in Language Models

Bounded margins mitigate confident hallucinations during post-training, implemented through an entropy-dependent margin bound in direct preference optimization (DPO) and shown to mitigate confident hallucinations during post-training.

Qing-Jia Huang, Ya-Kai Li, Jian-Guo Wu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Activation Flow: Manufacturing Activations for Steering

Activation Flow (ActFlow), which manufactures activations from correct labels without fine-tuning, scores higher than the smallest-norm rule in 16 of the 18 combinations of locked model and $k, and its steering direction is nearly orthogonal to the honest difference-in-means direction.

Hong-Fu Tan, Linh Le, David Williams-King · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

When Users Change Their Minds: Measuring and Repairing Intent Drift in LLM Agents

Intent drift is established as a measurable multi-turn failure mode and explicit state maintenance as a partial mitigation and IntentFlux is introduced, an executable benchmark that converts verifiable tasks into dialogues with controlled intent changes while preserving their original graders.

Yan-Jie Zhang, Bo-Wen Cao, Zi-Xin Chen et al. · 1 citation

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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