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natural language processing

8,685 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Scoring the Wrong Question: Readout Failures in Constrained-Option Evaluation

Constrained-option scoring reads a model's probabilities for a fixed set of permitted answers, so it returns a score even when the model is about to write something else. We study a prompt that quotes a multiple-choice item, ending in the item's own answer instruction, and asks for a forecast of whether a reader model...

Jia-Xuan Guo, Ke-Jia Zhang, Shuo Xin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

MedRouter: Demystifying Knowledge Differences Across Medical LLMs for Routing-Based Reasoning

This paper introduces MedRouter, an agentic system that uses an embedding-based multi-label router to select and query specialist LLMs, then passes their responses to a generator to produce the final answer, and proposes SCALE (Specialist Competence-Aware Learning), a two-stage training framework.

Lang Cao, Bing-Hang Lu, Yu-Hao Shen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

ECG-Scroll: A Long-Horizon, Streaming Benchmark and Agent Environment for Interpretation of Ambulatory Electrocardiograms

A recast long-duration ECG interpretation as a long-horizon, online (streaming, causal) sequential decision process and introduces ECG-Scroll, which evaluates a signal-threshold rule agent alongside off-the-shelf LLM agents online, characterizing how they use memory, tools, and planning and where the benchmark's head-r...

Hai-Tao Li, Cheng-Lin Li, Zheng-Yao Ding et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

OneSign: Unifying Sign Language Understanding Tasks with One Model

SLU encompasses a diverse set of tasks, including ISLR, CSLR, and SLT. Although these tasks share basic semantic and linguistic foundations, they are typically addressed with task-specific architectures and training pipelines, which hinders knowledge sharing and requires costly pretraining and finetuning for each task....

Shiwei Gan, Yafeng Yin, Xiao Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Algorithmic Harms Associated with Generative Model-Augmented Recommendation Systems

In this work, we consider algorithmic harms that may arise as generative models are incorporated into machine learning platforms. We argue that existing harm taxonomies and threat models require extension to (1) address novel causal drivers of well-studied representational and quality-of-service harms; and (2) anticipa...

Christine Herlihy, Xumei Xi, Shloka Desai et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Improving the Diversity of LLM Outputs without a Trade-off

DAST (Diversifying Arithmetic Sampling with TokenTour), a method that increases the diversity of LLM outputs without any change to the marginal distribution and with negligible generation-time overhead, and significantly improves performance on the downstream task of ProtoQA.

Ryoma Sato · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

TCMQA: A 38K-Question Traditional Chinese Medicine Benchmark with a Licensed-Practitioner Reference

TCMQA, an open benchmark of 38,279 questions from Chinese TCM licensing examinations, paired with 15,151 responses from 101 licensed practitioners, is presented, and 29 instruction-tuned models from 9 families are evaluated, finding difficulty does not transfer between models and practitioners.

Tzu-Heng Huang, Jet Lin, Eric Lin · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

DynamicDx: Evaluating Evidence Acquisition in Video-Based Diagnosis

DynamicDx evaluates each step in 71 neurological consultations across 11 sign categories, linking authentic patient videos to confirmed diagnoses and fixed charts built from the same case reports, so that every model queries the same evidence.

Jia-Hui Li, Yu-Tong Guo, Nan Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Multimodal LLMs Outperform Pathology Foundation Models in Cross-Domain Histological Similarity

It is shown that general-purpose multimodal LLMs, without being trained as pathology foundation models, consistently outperform these specialized models in cross-domain histological similarity judgments, exposing a fundamental robustness gap in current pathology foundation models.

Yi-Shu Zhang, Yun Li, Dai-Wei Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Mind the Spike: Mechanisms and Brittleness of Visual Massive Activations in Large Vision-Language Models

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) inherit massive activations from their text-only bases: spikes where a few fixed hidden channels receive values thousands of times above the typical magnitude. The text spike systematically appears in early layers at a fixed initial position, independently of input content. Visual s...

Jonas Ngnaw\'e, Yann Pequignot, Sabyasachi Sahoo et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

How Far Do Persona Effects Generalize in Language Models?

A separate survey comparison finds that selecting the more responsive checkpoint can worsen human fit; responsiveness is confounded with training status, and temperature calibration largely removes this cost but not errors in group ordering.

Yu-Fan Zhou, Yuxuan Liu, En-Ze Ma et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 22, 2026

Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations

Flint-interactive gives AI agents a language for creating interactive visualizations. Click a chart, filter data, highlight related content, and explore beyond the view the author originally chose. The post Flint-interactive: A language for creating interactive data visualizations appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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