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natural language processing

7,777 papers

Large Language Models Hack Rewards, and Society

To study this phenomenon, SocioHack is introduced, a sandbox of 72 societal environments, and it is found that within these environments, reward hacking naturally emerges and leads to regulatory loophole discovery.

Wei Liu, Xinyi Mou, Hanqi Yan et al. · 3 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Shared Doubt: Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Confidence Estimation for Language Models

Confidence estimation (CE), i.e. quantifying the reliability of a model's prediction, has attracted great interest in the context of large language models (LLMs). However, most studies focus on English, ignoring the multilingual reality of LLM usage, while many CE methods degrade or require retraining across languages....

Athina Kyriakou, Dennis Ulmer, Ivan Titov · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Multi-Legal-Bench: When the Answer Is in the Input. Label Leakage in Legal Benchmarks Built from Court Registries

Court registries publish millions of decisions with structured metadata, which makes them an attractive source of labelled legal benchmarks: the court type, the form of the decision and its subject area come for free. We show that this convenience has a cost that registry-derived benchmarks rarely measure. We build Mul...

Volodymyr Ovcharov · 0 citations

EviLink: Multi-Path Schema Linking with Uncertainty-Guided Evidence Acquisition for Large-Scale Text-to-SQL

This work reframe schema linking as uncertainty-aware schema-need inference over multiple plausible SQL paths, where the system distinguishes required schema items from path-dependent uncertain ones and acquires evidence only where needed.

Huawei Zheng, Sen Yang, Zhaorui Yang et al. · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

PhoneWorld: From Real-App Trajectories to Dynamic and Verifiable Environments for Phone-Use Agents

Real applications provide the training setting closest to phone-agent deployment, but are difficult to reset, scale safely, and verify programmatically. Static screenshots and interaction trajectories preserve realistic evidence but cannot generate new experience. We introduce PhoneWorld, a trace-grounded framework tha...

Yuxuan Liu, Xin Lai, Junyi Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

DeferMem: Query-Time Evidence Distillation via Reinforcement Learning for Long-Term Agent Memory

Large language model (LLM) agents still struggle to effectively use long-term memory, with answer-supporting evidence often scattered across long conversational histories and buried in substantial irrelevant content. Existing memory systems commonly process memory into dedicated units before future queries are known an...

Jianing Yin, Tan Tang, Yingcai Wu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

COTCAgent: Preventive Consultation via Probabilistic Chain-of-Thought Completion

Sequential diagnosis requires ranking diseases from a sparse intake under a public budget of follow-up questions, which is diagnostic triage with missing findings rather than screening of people who have no symptoms. Because laboratory series arrive irregularly and histories remain incomplete, the ranking must be updat...

Zihan Deng, Xiaozhen Zhong, Chuanzhi Xu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint May 2026

Agent Collectives Should Not Detect Their Own Imposters: A Chess Case Study

It is found that merely warning the agents of potential imposter presence is not beneficial: it degrades decisions when no imposter is present, provokes reactions ranging from self-accusation to scapegoating, inflates token use, and reveals to the imposter how it was uncovered.

A. Mercier, Chris Develder, Thomas Demeester · 1 citation

AIPO: Learning to Reason from Active Interaction

This work proposes AIPO, an enhanced reinforcement learning framework that improves LLM reasoning through active multi-agent interaction during exploration and consistently improves reasoning performance and generalizes across different policy models, collaborator backbones, and RLVR algorithms.

Junnan Liu, Linhao Luo, Thuy-Trang Vu et al. · 0 citations

Tool Calling is Linearly Readable and Steerable in Language Models

The model's hidden state provides a way to read, steer, and check tool choice before a call is made, suggesting that the model's hidden state provides a way to read, steer, and check tool choice before a call is made.

Ze-Kun Wu, Ze-Kun Wang, Seonglae Cho et al. · 11 citations · ⚡2

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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