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natural language processing

7,776 papers

IndicParam: Benchmark to evaluate LLMs on low-resource Indic Languages

IndicParam, a human-curated benchmark of over 13,000 multiple-choice questions covering 11 Indic languages plus Sanskrit-English code-mixed set, provides insights into limitations of cross-lingual transfer and establishes a challenging benchmark for Indic languages.

Ayush Maheshwari, Kaushal Sharma, Vivek Patel et al. · 4 citations

Critical or Compliant? The Double-Edged Sword of Reasoning in Chain-of-Thought Explanations

Analysis of reasoning errors in vision language models and how they impact user trust and the ability to detect errors highlights how CoT explanations can simultaneously clarify and mislead, underscoring the need for NLP systems to provide explanations that encourage scrutiny and critical thinking rather than blind tru...

Eunkyu Park, Wesley Hanwen Deng, Vasudha Varadarajan et al. · 6 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Oct 2025

Parallel Tokenizers: Rethinking Vocabulary Design in Cross-Lingual Transfer of Low-Resource Languages

Parallel tokenizers are introduced, a new framework that first trains tokenizers monolingually and then aligns their vocabularies exhaustively using bilingual dictionaries or word-to-word translation to enforce a shared semantic space across languages while naturally improving fertility balance.

Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar, Fajri Koto · 0 citations

Test-Time Policy Adaptation for Enhanced Multi-Turn Interactions with LLMs

This work proposes a new paradigm: Test-Time Policy Adaptation for Multi-Turn Interactions (T2PAM), which utilizes user feedback from the ongoing interaction as a reward signal to estimate a latent optimal policy aligned with user preferences, then updates a small subset of parameters to steer the model toward this pol...

Chen-Xing Wei, Hong Wang, Ying He et al. · 4 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Sep 2026

In Their Own Words: Reasoning Traces Tailored for Small Models Make Them Better Reasoners

Stronger learning signals do not necessarily produce a stronger small reasoning model. Off-policy supervised fine-tuning (SFT) supplies stronger traces that may be incompatible with the student. On-policy post-training instead remains constrained by the quality of the student's own trajectories: reinforcement learning...

Jaehoon Kim, Kwangwook Seo, Dongha Lee · 0 citations

Towards Inclusive Toxic Content Moderation: Addressing Vulnerabilities to Adversarial Attacks in Toxicity Classifiers Tackling LLM-generated Content

Demographic analysis across 20 Jigsaw and 13 ToxiGen minority groups reveals structurally unequal adversarial vulnerability, exposing mechanistically traceable fairness gaps in current toxicity classifiers.

Shaz Furniturewala, A. Zubiaga · 1 citation
#natural language process... Preprint May 2025

ALAS: An Automatic Latent Alignment Score for Audio Language Models

Applying ALAS to four open-source Speech-LLMs across emotion recognition, open-ended SQA, and multi-choice audio understanding, it is found that the depth and strength of alignment reflect each model's audio-encoder design and the acoustic-versus-semantic demands of the task, and that ALAS tracks but does not duplicate...

Pooneh Mousavi, Yingzhi Wang, M. Ravanelli et al. · 4 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Sep 2026

No Free Labels: Limitations of LLM-as-a-Judge Without Human Grounding

Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is critical as their deployment rapidly expands, particularly in high-stakes domains such as business and finance. The LLM-as-a-Judge framework, which uses prompted LLMs to evaluate response quality, is appealing due to its scalability, low cost, and strong correlatio...

Michael Krumdick, Charles Lovering, Varshini Reddy et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Sep 2026

Simultaneous Translation between Sign Languages

This work presents, to their knowledge, the first simultaneous sign-to-sign (S2S) translation system, with two wait-k regimes: test-time wait-k inference applied directly to a full-sentence model, and a trained wait-k model via stochastic multi-path supervision.

Ze-Tian Wu, Bo-Wen Xie, Stefan Lee et al. · 0 citations
#computer vision Preprint Sep 2026

ColNanoVDR: Document-Free Query Distillation for Multi-Vector Visual Document Retrieval via Optimal Transport

ColNanoVDR is presented, to the authors' knowledge the first framework to bring this document-free distillation to multi-vector VDR, and it is proved that the resulting alignment cost bounds the MaxSim score difference on every page.

Zhu Liu, Zi-Yi Wang, Yao Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Sep 2026

The Last Mile Is the File: OfficeEditBench for Preservation-Aware Office Editing

A small Office edit creates two obligations: propagate every required update and leave protected state untouched. Updating too little leaves dependencies inconsistent; updating too much changes content the user did not authorize. We introduce OfficeEditBench, a 170-task benchmark for change-scoped maintenance of spread...

Zhiwen Wu, Chengxu Wu · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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