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natural language processing

7,776 papers

#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

KUPAS MASTER: Distilling the Tacit Expertise of Master Practitioners into Agent-Ready Experience Corpora

KUPAS MASTER, an experience engineering platform built around nine-layer cognitive corpus construction, turns heterogeneous work records and practitioner interviews into traceable, reusable experience corpora for agents, and provides a practical path from individual tacit experience to organizational knowledge and agen...

Chang-Mian Wang, Yu-Chao Ma, Xu-Chao Lu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

FOCUS: Training-Free Decision-Preserving Context Compression for LLM Agents

This paper recast context compression as a causal decision preservation problem over discrete interaction units and introduces FOCUS, a training-free context compression framework that operates entirely at test time that requires no offline data collection or fine-tuning.

Shantanu Dixit, Anson Bastos, Xu-Chao Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Rational Clarification by Assistive Agents via Value-of-Information Reasoning

Users of language-based assistive agents often make ambiguous requests. In response, an assistant can either directly act on its interpretation of the request --- risking misalignment with the user --- or ask a clarifying question. Which option is the most safe and helpful? A common approach is to ask questions that mi...

T. Nguyen-Hien, Y. Teh, Wee-Sun Lee et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Solving Without Stopping: On-Policy Distillation at Small Scale

On-policy distillation, where a student learns from a stronger teacher's feedback on its own outputs, is a common way to pass reasoning to smaller models. We analyze what it transfers at small scale, distilling Qwen3-8B into Qwen3 4B, 1.7B and 0.6B students, in thinking mode (reason at length, then end the reasoning an...

Hong-Yang Li, Yi-Ming Zhu, Xiao Li et al. · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Asking for What Was Never Requested: Horizontal and Vertical Proactivity in Agents

An agent that uses tools typically responds to what the user explicitly asks, yet completing the task may require information the user never requested. Work on proactive agents mainly studies whether and when an agent should act on its own, not what information it should pursue. We study a distinct axis of proactivity:...

Ido Levy, Asaf Yehudai, Segev Shlomov et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Harness Evolution as Learning: Approximation, Generalization, and Optimization Limits of Self-Improving Personal Agents

This work introduces a preference-oriented benchmark and systematically characterize the capabilities and limitations of personal agents associated with these three dimensions of harness evolution, offering a unified perspective on the limits of personalization through harness evolution and inform future harness design...

Ze-Yu Gan, Zi-Xuan Gong, Yong Liu · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

SIPO: Unifying Reinforcement Learning with On-Policy Self-Distillation

This work proposes self-instructing policy optimization (SIPO) with a contrastive self-teacher to provide dense credit, and demonstrates that SIPO outperforms both RLVR and OPSD baselines without an external teacher or additional generation.

Zhenrui Yue, Hui-Min Zeng, Yue-Qi Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Can Agents Design Libraries for Agents?

LibraryDesignBench is introduced, a two-phase benchmark in which an agent implements a full-featured library from a specification that defines required capabilities and potential use cases without prescribing the design.

Gabriel Orlanski, Alex L. Zhang, Avi Trost et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Transformers Stop Thinking Too Early, and a Tiny LoRA Fixes It

Pretrained transformers use little of their depth to follow references in context. Thirteen base models reliably follow only 1.4-3.6 lines, and extra pretrained loops add little. A task-trained rank-8 LoRA at one early layer extends this computation with all model weights frozen. Qwen3-8B improves from 15.5% to 99% exa...

Ze-Hao Jin, Rui-Xuan Deng, Jun-Ran Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

OTROPE: Optimal Transport-based Robust Off-policy Evaluation for Large Language Models

The Optimal Transport-based Robust Off-Policy Evaluation (OTROPE) is proposed, a likelihood-free evaluation that performs distributional correction in a semantic space via optimal transport to align labeled behavior-policy samples with unlabeled target-policy samples, yielding a doubly robust-style evaluation.

Lin-Er Xiang, Wen-Bo Zhang, Heng-Rui Cai · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Principled Thoughts for Latent Recursive LLM Systems

REST (REpresentation-Supervised Thoughts), a training objective that turns four properties of a valid thought representation into differentiable losses added to CE, instantiate in latent single-agent and multi-agent systems, without architectural changes or added parameters at inference.

Fahd Seddik, F. Fard · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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