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natural language processing

7,776 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

PACT: Pairwise-Anchored Calibrated Tuning for Single-Token Typed Decisions

PACT is proposed, which turns this structure into four training terms that need no new annotation: a difference-in-differences margin over each pair that is invariant to any shared logit offset, a permutation-consistency term against answer-code position bias, an evidence-necessity term on certificate-verified ablated...

Yi-Da Lin · 2 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

When Should LLMs Trust Their Own Revisions? A Risk-Aware Study of Intrinsic Self-Correction

Intrinsic self-correction asks a language model to revise its own answer without receiving new external evidence. A second pass can recover mistakes, but it can also overturn answers that were already correct. We study this trade-off across 29 open-weight LLMs on BoolQ, GSM8K, and Corr2Cause by tracking correctness tra...

Tian-Zhu Zhang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Sep 2026

$\tau$-Multilingual: Benchmarking Voice Agents Across Languages

Across 4,500 full-duplex calls and five voice configurations, Spanish, Portuguese, and Hindi remain within 3.2 task-completion points of English, but Korean and Mandarin fall by 14.7 and 8.4 points, respectively.

Soham Ray, Edgard dos Santos Paiva, Rubén Valenzuela et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Less Uniform Discrete Diffusion is More Powerful and Scalable

Although uniform diffusion language models (UDLMs) represent a promising diffusion paradigm, scaling them remains challenging. We identify the core obstacle as an over-uniform training objective and condition-target confusion during sampling. To address these, we propose Less Uniform Diffusion (LUDI), a novel UDLM fram...

Kai-Bo Wang, Ding Ding, Fang-Yuan Ding et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

PrimeSeeker: Capability-Oriented Supervision for Deep Search Agents

Large language model search agents are often trained with synthetic questions whose difficulty is increased through larger evidence graphs, additional hops, and longer trajectories. These global properties, however, are only indirect proxies for the local retrieval capabilities required during search. To address this m...

Lin-Zhi Peng, Han-Ting Chen, Heng Chang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

How to Run Statistics over LLM Judges and Trust the Results: Calibrated Inference for Small-Sample AI Evaluation with evalstats

To help researchers understand how to run statistics over LLM judges responsibly, guidance and tooling for the statistical analysis of mixed human-AI judge designs are presented, and recommendations for what CI, p-value, and FWER correction methods to use for small-sample AI evaluations are derived, and researchers are...

Ian Arawjo · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Constructing Challenging Browser-Use Tasks by Controlled Environment Interventions

This paper evaluates six strong browser-use agents, three GUI-only agents that see only screenshots, and humans, evaluating the construction of challenging instances from tasks agents already solve, turning difficulty into a programmable property of the environment.

Xun-Jian Yin, Tian-Chen Guan, Jin-Ao Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Book Open access Jun 2026

Lookahead-R: Budget-Aware Tool Retrieval via Execution-Centric Planning

Lookahead-R is proposed, a planning-based framework that reformulates tool retrieval as a resource-constrained sequential decision-making problem that introduces a lightweight execution-aware surrogate world model that jointly predicts tool execution success, latency cost, and semantic utility—without invoking real API...

Zong-Ze Wu, Ya-Ni Guo, Run-Nan Li · 1 citation
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

TRACE: Deployable Tree-Relational Structure Enhancement for Oncology LLMs

TRACE is presented, a deployable tree-relational enhancement framework for oncology LLMs that separates expensive offline structure learning from lightweight online inference, and suggests that explicit, updatable medical structure is a practical path toward more accurate and auditable oncology LLM deployment.

Ji-Zheng Lai, Ying-Yun Li, Ying Qin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Can Multimodal Large Language Models Generate and Detect Multimodal Social Media Fake News?

A multi-agent framework in which a story agent, an image agent, and a critic agent collaborate to produce fake social media posts that plausibly counter true news is introduced, providing a foundation for developing robust defenses against social media fake news.

Ji-Yao Yang, Yang Liu, Zhen Qin et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 15, 2026

AI model decodes the language cells use to communicate

A new computational approach reveals how cells communicate to assemble into tissues. This could accelerate stem cell engineering, improve disease models, and inform therapies.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 15, 2026

Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar

Zero-knowledge proofs can verify computing results without rerunning workloads or exposing sensitive data. Magnetar helps bring them into the mainstream with support for standard programming languages, major speed gains, and quantum-resistant security. The post Proof-based general-purpose computing with Magnetar appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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