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natural language processing

6,756 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Marginal Response Surface Elicitation for Zero-Label Tabular Learning

Tabular learning uses structured data to predict target outcomes. Traditionally, this process has relied on labeled data. However, large language models (LLMs) can be used to elicit domain priors based on the task description and feature semantics, thereby enabling predictions without labeled data. We propose Marginal...

Liangyu Teng, Yicheng Ding, Jing Liu et al. · 0 citations

Is This Evidence Decision-Critical? Learning to Verify Rule-Governed Decisions

Rule-based reasoning, as in eligibility checks and contract reviews, requires language models to assess evidence against individual conditions and combine their judgments under explicit rules. Errors in evidence assessment can leave a decision unchanged, but misinterpreting or overlooking decision-critical evidence can...

Hao-Yan Zhang, Jian-Peng Zhao, Qi Hao et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Thinking Outside the Box: Can Language Models Rely on External Guidance Selectively?

Agent harnesses often improve language models with human-designed workflows, but as models grow more capable, unreliable guidance can increasingly constrain their execution. We call the ability to benefit from useful guidance while overriding unreliable guidance thinking outside the box. We introduce Box$^2$-Bench, whi...

Minghan Wang, Boyuan Wang, Jinhang Zuo et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Compact Language, Complex Model Shifts: How and Where Ambiguity and Underspecification Affect LLMs

We analyze how lexical ambiguity and underspecification affect language model training. We create artificial homonyms and artificial hypernyms as pseudowords and analyze the generative performance of language models as they are trained with increasing amounts of these ambiguous or underspecified pseudoword types. We fu...

Michaela Regneri, Nina Scheller, S\"oren Laue · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Spike-driven Vision-Language-Action Model

Vision-language-action (VLA) models bridge multimodal understanding and robotic control, advancing the dominant paradigm for embodied intelligence. However, most existing models rely on large Transformers, whose latency and energy costs hinder deployment on resource-constrained platforms. Through sparse event-driven co...

Shuai Wang, Ma-Lu Zhang, Ming-Quan Liu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Right-Wing Rock or Just Rock? A Computational Linguistic Analysis of Frei.Wild

Rechtsrock is a subgenre of rock music that spreads right-wing ideology, often instrumentalized to recruit adolescents into the radical scene. Monitoring institutions counteract this by manually examining and, in some cases, banning extremist content; however, there are border cases that evade regulation. We present a...

Carlotta Schneeberger (Heinrich Heine University D\"usseldorf), Kevin Tang (Heinrich Heine University D\"usseldorf, University of Florida) · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Making Grid Beam Search Less Greedy

A common formalism for constraining the output of autoregressive text generation models involves lexical constraints, words or phrases which are required to occur in the generated text. DFA-constrained beam search and grid beam search are two widely used paradigms for decoding from autoregressive models while enforcing...

Sean Papay, Roman Klinger · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

4MT-VLM: How Coarse Is a VLMs Cognitive Map?

An agent that moves must recognise a place from a viewpoint it has never seen. We introduce 4MT-VLM, a dataset of procedurally generated landscapes, each rendered across five stimulus modes that remove appearance cues while holding layout fixed: shape and colour, shape only, colour only, bare terrain peaks with no obje...

Markus Frey · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Argument Structure Prediction in Online Conversations: A Comparative Study of Modeling Paradigms and Task Architectures

Argument structure prediction (ASP) constructs complete argument structures from discourse by identifying argumentative units and their relations. While recent work has explored diverse approaches---including unified neural models, multi-step pipelines, and prompt-based large language models (LLMs)---their relative tra...

Siddharth Bhargava, Sara Tonelli, Patricia Martín-Rodilla et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

ViLegalExpert: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Vietnamese Legal Retrieval and Question Answering from Real-World Consultations

Trustworthy Legal AI requires systems that can answer legal questions while grounding their responses in authoritative sources. However, existing Vietnamese legal benchmarks provide limited coverage of real-world legal consultations. We introduce \textbf{ViLegalExpert}, a large-scale benchmark constructed from authenti...

Dat Tien Nguyen, Nghia Hieu Nguyen, A. Nguyen et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Bongard: Training Machine Intuition

Human intelligence relies heavily on learned intuition: recognising patterns and judging situations without explicitly unfolding every intermediate step. We introduce Bongard, an open-weight System One model that treats machine intuition as an independent capability to design and train. A T5Gemma 2 4B-4B encoder-decode...

Li Ding, Hai-Di Jin, Chen-Hua Ji · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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