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natural language processing

6,757 papers

#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mixture of Decoders for Diverse Dialog Response Generation

Mixture modeling is a long established machine learning technique for learning large sets of multi-modal data. While it is known that sequence-to-sequence models for dialog response generation suffer from the problem of low diversity, we hypothesize that it is because sequence-to-sequence models tend to learn a degener...

Wenchao Du · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Assessing the Impact of Language Disparity on Multilingual Linguistic Ability in Large Language Models

Claims about the grammatical competence of multilingual language models vary sharply with how competence is measured, yet the interaction between evaluation paradigm, post-training, and language resource availability has not been systematically examined. We evaluate base and post-trained models from six families on Mul...

Zhan-Yu Chen, Jaap Jumelet · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

UniBuc at SemEval-2024 Task 2: Tailored Prompting with Solar for Clinical NLI

This paper describes the approach of the UniBuc team in tackling the SemEval 2024 Task 2: Safe Biomedical Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trials. We used SOLAR Instruct, without any fine-tuning, while focusing on input manipulation and tailored prompting. By customizing prompts for individual CTR sections, in b...

Marius Micluta-Campeanu, Claudiu Creanga, Ana-Maria Bucur et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LLM-as-a-Judge for Low-Resource Languages: Adapting Ragas and Comparative Ranking for Romanian

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remains a challenge for Low-Resource Languages (LRLs), where standard reference-based metrics fall short. This paper investigates the viability of the "LLM-as-a-Judge" paradigm for Romanian by adapting the Ragas framework using next-generation models (Gemini 2.5 a...

Claudiu Creanga, Liviu P. Dinu · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dissonant ballerinas and crafty carrots: a comparative multi-modal analysis of Italian brain rot

This paper presents a comparative multi-modal analysis of Italian and Romanian brain rot memes, investigating the factors that contribute to its appeal and the linguistic and cultural distinctions between the two versions. To conduct this analysis, we introduce a multi-modal brain rot dataset named CRIB (Collection of...

Anca Dinu, Andra-Maria Florescu, Marius Micluta-Campeanu et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Holistic Assessment of the Carbon Footprint of Noor, a Very Large Arabic Language Model

As ever larger language models grow more ubiquitous, it is crucial to consider their environmental impact. Characterised by extreme size and resource use, recent generations of models have been criticised for their voracious appetite for compute, and thus significant carbon footprint. Although reporting of carbon impac...

Imad Lakim, Ebtesam Almazrouei, Ibrahim Abu Alhaol et al. · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Metric-Construction Coupling Inflates Measured Synthetic Dialect Recovery

Korean dialect corpora are available but not redistributable: weights may be released, while reproducing training and evaluation from the underlying data cannot be. We ask how much of that supervision synthetic data recovers, and whether that recovery can be measured independently of the synthesis pipeline. We contribu...

Hyojung Han (ThakiCloud) · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

FACET at WMT 2026 Automated Translation Quality Evaluation Task

Different error types in machine translation require different evidence. Whether meaning is preserved can be judged only against the source, while whether the target is well-formed, or whether it names one entity consistently, can be judged from the target alone. We present FACET, our reference-free submission to the W...

Ahrii Kim, Chanjun Park, Seong-heum Kim · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

Measuring Human-Like Bias in LLMs? A Critique of Human-Derived Bias Constructs in LLM Evaluation

Researchers increasingly use human-derived bias constructs to study Large Language Models (LLMs), including social-cognitive constructs such as implicit bias and stereotype activation, and cognitive biases such as anchoring, framing effects, and confirmation bias. Such approaches offer alternatives to overt bias probes...

Antonela Tommasel, Markus Schedl · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

SCM-based Fairness and Faithful Explainability for Legal Document Classification

Transformer models such as LegalBERT are increasingly used in legal decision support, raising concerns about both fairness and the transparency of model explanations. These properties are usually evaluated separately, leaving open whether a debiasing intervention that changes fairness also changes how faithfully explan...

Yasmina El Kacemi, S. S. M. Ziabari, A. M. Alsahag · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

StoCFL: A Stochastically Clustered Federated Learning Framework for Non-IID Data with Dynamic Client Participation

Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that takes full advantage of private data samples kept on edge devices. In real-world federated learning systems, these data samples are often decentralized and Non-Independently Identically Distributed (Non-IID), causing divergence and performance degradation in t...

Dun Zeng, Xiangjing Hu, Shiyu Liu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Universal Byte-Level Encoding: UTF-8/UTF-16 Routing to Reduce Cross-Script Token-Budget Disparities

Byte-level byte-pair encoding (BBPE) tokenizers are attractive for multilingual large language models (LLMs) because they cover all Unicode text. In UTF-8-based BBPE, however, many scripts start from a higher fallback cost than English: when no learned merges can be applied, a multibyte character requires multiple byte...

Hyunsik Kim, Youngmoon Jung · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 24, 2026

Estimating suicide risk from text

A new language-processing tool could help identify the highest-risk individuals from natural language, enabling swifter interventions.

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