We study fair multi-armed bandits under the Nash Social Welfare (NSW) objective, which measures performance via the geometric mean of accumulated rewards. Existing work defines Nash regret as $\mathrm{NR}_T = \mu^\star - (\prod_{t=1}^T \mathbb{E}\mu_{I_t})^{1/T}$, where $\mu_{I_t}$ is the mean reward of the recommended...
Dense retrieval models are typically trained with contrastive objectives that learn effective representations but do not directly optimize retrieval metrics or downstream task performance. To address this problem, we introduce RELER (REinforcement LEarning for Retrieval), a reinforcement learning framework that enables...
Qi Liu, Feng-Ming Liang, Yi-Qun Chen et al.· 0 citations
Typed decision models answer a declared question without generating text: a decision head returns a probability for each of the declared options in a single forward pass. A single pass is fast, intuitive System 1 thinking. We study what lies between one pass and generated reasoning: looping, in which the same layers ar...
Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) remains vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing LLM backdoors are almost all input-centric: activation depends on explicit trigger patterns in the user input, so modern guardrails are built to sanitize the input space. We challenge this assumption with a novel answer-si...
Yi-Bo Zhang, Tian-Rong Guan, Liang Lin et al.· 0 citations
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We study ridge regression from exactly $s$ distinct rows of a fixed design. Responses are fixed, and only the subset is random. The determinant law and selected ridge fit share one positive definite penalty. Established mean identities and exponential-family duality give the unique penalty that matches a prescribed ful...
Multi-reference image generation requires preserving the appearance of multiple subjects while composing them into a coherent scene. However, existing diffusion transformers commonly encode references as dense visual token grids and jointly process them with global attention, making conditioning increasingly expensive...
Transformers have exhibited impressive empirical success across various domains, but their theoretical foundations remain less developed. This work constitutes a mathematical study of the measure-to-measure operators defined by transformers. We show that transformers map sub-Gaussian inputs to sub-Gaussian outputs; thi...
Existing molecular and materials learning approaches often rely on a limited set of structural representations, which may capture only selected aspects of complex three-dimensional structure. Here, we introduce mathematical invariant-enabled topological neural networks (MITNNs), a framework that represents complex stru...
Yi-Ming Ren, Xiang Liu, Mustafa Hajij et al.· 0 citations
Fully decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), also referred to as independent learning, requires each agent to learn and act using only its local information and experience, without a centralized critic or inter-agent communication. Such a stringent information structure renders the conventional reward...
Fernando Martinez, Tao Li, Ying-Dong Lu et al.· 0 citations
CACHEFORGE is the first framework to evolve cache-replacement policies end-to-end by embedding a large language model inside a governed hardware-aware loop and enforces feasibility through reward shaping, structural checks, dynamic mutation, temperature scheduling, and cross-policy crossover.
User behavior simulation is the computational modeling of user interactions within information systems through the use of simulated agents in place of live users. It supports system testing and evaluation, decision-making and forecasting, and user experience design. Existing simulators rely on hand-crafted rules or dom...
Ni-Er Wu, Hong-Zhi Yin, Hui Li et al.· 0 citations
These upper and lower bounds show that uniform discrete diffusion successfully avoids the curse of dimensionality for distributions with small effective support size: the TV error rate depends on the ambient state-space size only through $s_n(P_0)$, while the corresponding KL rate incurs only an additional logarithmic...
Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.
Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduOct 28, 2026
Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.
MIT News · Artificial Intelligence· news.mit.eduOct 27, 2026
Prabha Jha used her experience with MIT Open Learning’s program for senior executives to develop AI solutions for her employer, Verizon, and to write a book.