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12,457 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Closer Look at Agentic BBO: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Black-Box Optimization

Black-box optimization (BBO) arises in many scientific and engineering problems where objective evaluations are expensive and limited. Recent large language model (LLM) agents offer a new way to approach BBO by combining task semantics, computation, optimization tools, and feedback-driven decision making, showing great...

Ming Chen, Rong-Xi Tan, Ke Xue et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Scalable Hierarchical Graph Generation via Soft Community Structure

Generating large attributed graphs requires reproducing the topology, generating attributes jointly with the structure, and remaining scalable. Many real-world graphs exist as a single large graph, so a generative model has to generalize from the one graph it is fit on, without independent samples. We present Schema, w...

Ahmet T\"uzen, Helge Langseth, Kjetil N{\o}rv{\aa}g · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Using Weisfeiler-Leman Features for Algorithm Selection in Constraint Optimisation

Algorithm Selection is essential for efficient Constraint Programming. Over the years, many algorithm selectors based on machine learning methods have been successfully applied, yet traditional feature extraction methods often rely on manually decided instance-level statistics that fail to capture the underlying proble...

Alessio Pellegrino, Jacopo Mauro · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Geometric Approach to Soft Actor-Critic with Zonotopes for Locomotion Learning

Off-policy actor--critic methods control overestimation bias by taking the minimum of two critics. This uses the same aggregation rule everywhere, regardless of how the critics disagree. We propose \textbf{GeZo-SAC}, which uses auxiliary geometric representations to adapt critic pessimism to the state and action. Along...

Panagiotis Roditis, Panagiotis P. Filntisis, Petros Maragos · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MPGE: A Multi-Perspective Graph Explainer for Molecular Classification Explanation

Graph neural networks (GNNs) predict molecular properties from chemical graph data, but predictive accuracy does not explain how graph information supports an individual decision. A compact prediction-preserving rationale does not necessarily reveal which changes reverse the decision or which modifications the model to...

Mahtab Sarvmaili · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Examining Social Attribution in LLM Reasoning: A Theory-Guided Probing Methodology

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sociotechnical systems where social attribution, the reasoning process attributing external events to the causes and reasons of agents' social behaviors, plays a critical role. These processes involve judgments of social cause, responsibility, and blame/credit t...

Zhaoxin Yu, Qingchao Kong, Dajun Zeng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

The Polytopal Neural Network

Understanding how deep neural networks process information remains a central challenge. Existing interpretability methods often compromise structural fidelity, rely on prespecified corpora, or explain models post-hoc. We propose Polytopal Neural Networks (PNNs), a framework that extracts distinct layer-wise aspects by...

A. Emilie J. Wedenborg, Anders V. Nørskov, Teresa Dorszewski et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agentic-TTT: Training test-time policy for test-time training

Test-time training (TTT) adapts an LLM's parameters using signals derived from test inputs, and can make striking improvements in pre-specified settings such as IMO competitions or designated open problems. By turning deployment experience into parameter updates, TTT provides a direct mechanism for model-level self-imp...

Jiahao Lu, Mohan Kankanhalli · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Stochastic Grouping Conformal Prediction for Effective Subgroup Reliability

Conformal prediction offers a distribution-free coverage guarantee, making it especially attractive for clinical applications. Standard conformal prediction, however, provides such guarantees only at the population level, and its prediction sets can exhibit coverage disparities across clinically important subgroups. A...

Meihui Zhong, Wenxin Tai, Ting Zhong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

GRPODropout: Less is More for Online Reinforcement Learning Rollouts

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods such as GRPO substantially improve large language model reasoning but often suffer from policy entropy collapse: the loss of sampling diversity weakens exploration and limits further improvement. Existing methods address this issue either through algorithm-level interventions, such a...

He-Xuan Deng, Zi-Hao Yan, Xue-Bo Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DEX: Digit-Level Early Exit for Energy-Efficient MSDF Neural Network Inference

U-Net inference for brain-tumor segmentation requires billions of multiply-accumulate operations, motivating hardware that can reduce computation dynamically rather than relying only on fixed precision or static model compression. Most-significant-digit-first (MSDF) arithmetic exposes the leading digits of a result dur...

Yousef Sadegheih, Dorit Merhof, Muhammad Usman · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Uncovering and Fixing Collider Bias in Bayesian PINNs

Bayesian physics-informed neural networks (B-PINNs) are a popular framework for parameter and state inference from sparse or noisy observations. They are commonly formulated via a collider structure, in which physical and trajectory parameters are assumed to be a priori independent and become coupled through virtual li...

Michael Obermayr, Robert Peharz · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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