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machine learning

12,457 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Masked Diffusion Language Models are Strong and Steerable Text-Based World Models for Agentic RL

Recent growth in reinforcement learning (RL) has surfaced a need for diverse, specialized training environments. Hand-curated environments with fixed task and reward difficulties become ineffective signals as model performance improves, and sparse rewards over long horizons induce mode collapse on specific workflows or...

Darshan Deshpande · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

LiteGUI: Lightweight GUI Agents via Multi-Solution Guided Distillation and Dual-Level Reinforcement Learning

We present LiteGUI, a new framework for building lightweight GUI agents. GUI interaction poses unique challenges due to the long-horizon nature of complex tasks and the existence of multiple valid interaction paths, which are difficult for lightweight GUI agents to handle effectively. To address these challenges, LiteG...

Yubin Wu, Zicheng Cai, Liping Ning et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Soft Tournament Equilibrium: Differentiable Set-Valued Inference for Non-Transitive Pairwise Comparisons

Soft Tournament Equilibrium (STE) is a differentiable layer for Top-Cycle (TC) and Uncovered-Set (UC) inference from reciprocal pair probabilities. Normalized log-sum-exp reachability and covering give smooth scores with approximation, perturbation, and margin-recovery bounds. We distinguish structural supervision, pos...

Saad Alqithami · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agentic Critical Training

Imitation learning (IL) teaches language-model agents to reproduce expert actions but not to distinguish them from plausible mistakes. Self-reflection methods expose models to alternatives yet use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to imitate fixed rationales and actions. We introduce Agentic Critical Training (ACT), which u...

Weize Liu, Minghui Liu, Sy-Tuyen Ho et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Bi-FORK: Generative Modeling of High-Dimensional Bifurcating Systems

Bifurcations are ubiquitous in physical systems, from structural buckling to fluid and climate dynamics, yet they remain largely unexplored in deep learning. At a symmetry-breaking bifurcation, a single input admits multiple equally valid solutions, violating the one-to-one assumption underlying most learned physical s...

Anna Zimmel, Fleur Hendriks, Markus Holzleitner et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Caught in the Act: Probes Effectively Detect Sabotage and Catch Unverbalized Deception

Recent incidents have highlighted the challenge of monitoring LLM agents and the danger of models deceiving people. We show that white-box deception detection via probes can be scaled up to frontier monitoring settings by collecting the largest deception dataset to date for training probes and introducing a novel probe...

Oskar J. Hollinsworth, Alex F. Spies, Tigist Diriba et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Predicting Alignment Generalization with Value Representations

LLM developers post-train their models to exhibit prosocial values and behavioral traits, which are enumerated in an alignment target. However, while recent post-training developments have yielded models that score highly on alignment evaluations, training models on sets of narrow behaviors still influences their behav...

Andy Liu, Mehar Bhatia, Karolina Stanczak et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RiCo: Neural Simulation of Rigid-Body Interactions via Local Contact Reasoning

Accurate simulation of rigid-body interactions is essential for predictive physical world models. Despite recent progress in modeling object dynamics, capturing how local contacts between surfaces shape object motion remains challenging. While end-to-end world models predict interactions across entire scenes or objects...

Ruixiang Ouyang, Guanren Qiao, Fansen Meng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prediction-Powered Data Fusion for Treatment Effect Estimation

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identify treatment effects without confounding but are often small, whereas observational studies (OBS) are large but may be confounded. Many estimators combining a small RCT with a large OBS have been developed for the average treatment effect (ATE) and the conditional ATE (CATE). H...

Yonghan Jung, Shu Yang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Unlocking the Regulatory Genome by ARGUS: An Evidence-Constrained Agentic Framework for Interpreting Single Nucleotide Variants

Over 90% of disease-associated variants from genome-wide association studies fall in noncoding regulatory regions, yet their functional interpretation remains a central open problem in genomic medicine. Large language models prompted to interpret such variants routinely hallucinate transcription factor (TF) binding cha...

Pratik Dutta, Matthew B. Obusan, Max Chao et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Batch Before You Lift: Scalable Topological Deep Learning on Large Graphs

Topological Deep Learning extends graph-based learning to higher-order domains, such as hypergraphs, cellular, and simplicial complexes. These domains are typically constructed from patterns in an input graph through a process of graph lifting. Full-domain training constructs and stores the complete lifted representati...

David Leko, Luka Beni\'c, Guillermo Bern\'ardez et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AdaCast: Conditional Parameter Generation for Adaptive Time Series Forecasting

Time-series foundation models (TSFMs) have achieved strong forecasting performance across domains. However, most adaptation methods remain static. Existing all-in-one methods learn a single set of dataset-level parameter updates and apply the same adapted model to every input. As a result, they cannot adapt the model p...

Darahaas Nallagatla, Darryl Cherian Jacob, Pan He · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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