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12,457 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Few-Step Generation via Data-Space Iteration

Flow matching has emerged as a scalable paradigm for training high-quality generative models, but sampling from the learned probability flow requires many network evaluations. Distillation can reduce this cost to one or a few evaluations; however, one-step generation often sacrifices quality, making few-step generation...

Shanchuan Lin, Yansong Peng, Fu-Yun Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SCORE: Spectral Correlation Estimation for Multivariate Gaussians

Neural network-based predictive modeling with high-dimensional structured Gaussian targets requires an efficient and numerically stable, yet expressive approximation of the covariance matrix. We propose SCORE: a scalable framework, combining scoring rule training with an expressive covariance approximation learned in s...

Christopher B\"ulte, Emil Partow, Astha Gupta et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Exploiting Gradients in Bayesian Inference of Expensive Simulators

Simulators based on differential equations are ubiquitous in science and engineering. They are often used in simulation-based inference to evaluate the posterior distribution of the input parameters based on real-world observations of the simulator outputs. However, inference becomes challenging when individual simulat...

\v{S}imon Sold\'at, V\'aclav \v{S}m\'idl · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CausalDreamer: Learning Predictive World Models with Latent Disentanglement

World models for control must capture which aspects of the environment respond to the agent's actions and which are relevant to reward. Generative world models such as Dreamer 4 consist of a video tokenizer, which encodes each frame into a latent, and a dynamics model, which is pretrained to predict future latents from...

Prince Jha, Nils Lukas, Kun Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Test-Time Compute for Tabular Foundation Models: Mechanisms, Gains, and Limits

Which forms of test-time compute improve the predictions of strong pretrained tabular foundation models (TFMs)? We systematically study this along three axes: adaptation, aggregation, and context construction. Our evaluation spans modern TFMs across the TabArena benchmark, supplemented by experiments on wide and large-...

Kanghui Ning, Marin Bilo\v{s}, James T. Wilson et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Example-driven Parametrisations for Bayesian Shape Optimisation

Bayesian optimisation is the natural tool for shape design when objectives are expensive and non-differentiable, but it needs a compact yet expressive parameterisation of the search space. Hand-crafting one is a complex endeavour requiring domain expertise, and often yields implicit infeasible regions, artificial bound...

Gabriel Diaz-Aylwin, Joseph Neighbor, Abiel Malkani Talwar et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Interval-valued SHAP in Tree-Based Models

Shapley values are among the most popular feature-attribution explanations. Efficient approaches for computing/estimating Shapley values for tree-based models, which are state-of-the-art for tabular data sets, have been developed. However, it is known that Shapley values can be (highly) unrobust due to small and realis...

Chenrui Zhu, Vu-Linh Nguyen, Marie-H\'el\`ene Masson et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Puffin: Probabilistic Learning of Spatial Detail From Coarse Observations

High-resolution socioeconomic variables are important for applications such as urban planning, public health, disaster response, and resource allocation. In practice, however, these variables are often observed only at a coarse spatial resolution. We introduce Puffin, a probabilistic framework for statistical disaggreg...

Chaitanya Jobanputra, Sebastian Vollmer, Gerrit Gro{\ss}mann · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Automated Assembly Instruction Generation from CAD Models Using Grounded Large Language Models: A Human-in-the-Loop Framework

Assembly documentation is a downstream manufacturing artifact that is still usually authored by interpreting CAD models by hand. Structured product data and large language models are both available, yet studies of CAD interpretation, assembly sequence planning, instruction writing, and human oversight have largely proc...

Aaron Dsouza, Mohammed Azeez Khan, Ashutosh Mishra et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Understanding Latent-Dimension Scaling in Dynamical-System Learning through Spectral Reliability

In deep learning, approximation theory motivates increasing representation size. We ask whether this benefit extends to dynamics learning through autoregressive prediction. We analyze the learned time evolution through the eigenstructure of Koopman operators, using relative residuals to detect spurious eigenpairs arisi...

Itsushi Sakata, Yuta Miyauchi, Yoshinobu Kawahara · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

DADP: Dynamic Activity-Dependent Pruning, A Reverse Hebbian-Inspired Structural Pruning Method

Modern neural networks are heavily over-parameterized. This redundancy incurs substantial compute and memory overhead during training and inference. Existing pruning methods rely on post-hoc magnitude thresholds or static initialization heuristics. Consequently, they often require manual per-layer sparsity targets or e...

Bhushan Deshpande · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Recovery Guarantees for Posterior Sampling of One-Bit Compressed Sensing

We study the sample complexity of noisy one-bit compressed sensing for signals drawn from a prior distribution. By characterizing the effective distributional complexity of the prior via its approximate covering number, we prove that posterior sampling achieves accurate recovery with high probability when the number of...

Jing Ma, Yujia Wu, Zhaoqiang Liu · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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