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14,353 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Monarch-MoE: Structured Experts for Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning

Learning new tasks in multimodal continual instruction tuning can cause catastrophic forgetting of previously acquired knowledge. Although multi-expert LoRA distributes learning across experts, updates to a dense low-rank expert can still affect many output features. We introduce Monarch-MoE, which replaces the dense f...

Xi Zhang, Bo-Yu Diao, Ze-Sen Chen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Much Computation Does Every Forecast Need? Structured Block Skipping in Two Time-Series Foundation Models

Time-series foundation models use the same network depth for every input, although forecasting windows differ in structure and difficulty. We test whether whole Transformer blocks can be removed at inference time in two pretrained models: Chronos-Bolt and TimesFM 2.5. Our bypasses avoid the original block computation a...

Max Bourgeat · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Rethinking Relative Policy Differences Transfer of On-Policy Distillation

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a target policy on its own rollouts using token-level supervision from a stronger teacher, but typically relies on the teacher being substantially more capable than the target. Recent work relaxes this requirement by transferring the relative policy difference between an expert and a...

Rong Wu, Dao-Cheng Fu, Yu Yang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

S$^3$R: Fast and Faithful RL Rollouts via Self-Sparse Speculative Decoding

Fast rollout generation for long-context reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) requires reducing KV-cache traffic without changing the response groups used for policy optimization. In our profiled RLVR workloads, attention accounts for 72--76\% of autoregressive decoding kernel time. Sparse attention re...

Yuhang He, Hongyu Ge, Zihan Lin et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Conference Sep 2026

WaSA: Wavelet Scattering Autoencoders for Unsupervised Offline Detection of Malicious Clients in Federated Learning

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without exposing raw data, yet remains vulnerable to malicious clients injecting poisoned datasets. Existing defenses are typically reactive (operating during training) or supervised (requiring prior knowledge of attack types)—assumptions that rarely hold in...

Alessandro Licciardi · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Scaling RNA Foundation Models through Iterative Refinement

Biological function in RNA is encoded across scales, from local sequence motifs to long-range structural dependencies. Conventional RNA foundation models couple parameter capacity and inference depth within a fixed architecture, prescribing a fixed computation graph for each inference. Here we present Eco-RNA, an 80M-p...

Peng-An Chen, Liang Hong, Xin-Yuan Liu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Can Failed Trajectories Reveal Where Agents Go Wrong? Agentic Failure Attribution Without Step-Level Labels

Failure attribution for LLM agents aims to identify decisive steps responsible for task failure, which is critical for debugging and improving agentic systems. Existing methods rely on costly LLM prompting, step-level error annotations, or verified successful trajectories that lack failure signals for assistance. In th...

Do Nguyen-Thanh, Junlin Fang, Bing Li et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Human and LLM Facilitation in Collaborative Design Meetings: A Computational Behavioral Comparison

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored as facilitators of group discussion and collaborative work, but the behavioral differences between LLM-generated and human facilitation remain insufficiently characterized. We compare human Project Manager facilitation turns from scenario-based collaborative...

Mohammed Azeez Khan, Aaron Dsouza, Ashutosh Mishra et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Double-Take: Improving Capacity, Binding, and Selectivity In Long-Context Within Bidirectional Memory

Processing a long sequence does not guarantee that distant information remains usable. As context grows, a fixed-size memory must retain many associations, connect information across positions, and preserve relevant structure without being overwhelmed by everything it observes. These are distinct requirements: a memory...

Vakul Raghavan, Utkarsh Grover, Mingyang Mao et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CB-Orchestrator: Adaptive Workflow Optimization for LLM Agents via Contextual Bandits

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tackling complex tasks through agentic workflows. However, manually designing these workflows is labor-intensive and lacks flexibility to adapt to diverse queries. While automated workflow optimization is a promising direction, existing meth...

Jiahang Sun, Zhiwei Shang, Zhipiao Liu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Towards Easier-to-Tune Training Algorithms: New Results from AlgoPerf

Evaluating deep learning optimizer is challenging because confounding factors such as hyperparameter tuning and optimizer-model co-design often obscure true algorithmic performance. We present results of the updated AlgoPerf V1 benchmark, in which we evaluate a new set of training algorithms on wall-clock time-to-targe...

Priya Kasimbeg, Ahmed Khaled, Aahlad Chandrabhatta et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Target-Constrained Pooling for Trajectory Extrapolation

Trajectory extrapolation from a partial target trajectory is underdetermined, but completed related trajectories provide information about the unresolved continuation. We propose target-constrained pooling (TCP), which separates the finite-horizon endpoint from continuation shape and estimates that endpoint from two co...

Ning Wang, Claire Cardie, Sainyam Galhotra · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 12, 2026

Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring

StudentSim is a research system for evaluating and improving AI tutoring tools before they are tested with learners. It models how individuals may engage with tutors, giving feedback to improve tutor performance across subjects like chess, writing, and mathematics. The post Simulating student learning for better AI tutoring appeared first on Microsoft Research.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

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