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machine learning

12,815 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Data-driven measures of high-frequency trading

Public data do not identify high-frequency trading (HFT), and standard proxies do not separate liquidity-supplying from liquidity-demanding strategies. We overcome this measurement challenge by training machine learning models on proprietary Nasdaq data to map observed HFT activity to public intraday variables. Applyin...

G. Ibikunle, B. Moews, D. Muravyev et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy: A Framework for Constructing Classifiers and Diagnosing Their Decisions, Applied to Prompt Injection Detection

This paper proposes a framework for constructing a classifier as a safeguard layer, and for developing a complementary diagnostic that identifies which of the classifier's confident decisions can be trusted. This framework, the Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy, consists of (i) constructing a dimensionality-optimized classifi...

Jaturong Kongmanee, Smile Thanapattheerakul · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

A Critical Audit of Spatiotemporal Forecasting Benchmark Datasets and Models

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are routinely employed for spatiotemporal forecasting, yet their performance across widely used benchmark datasets is inconsistent. Here, we perform an audit of dataset properties and baseline models to assess the quality of the benchmarks, and the robustness of the conclusions drawn from t...

Kenneth Martin, Simon Heilig, Asja Fischer et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Systematic Evaluation of TabPFN-TS and Chronos-2 for Zero-Shot Heat Load Forecasting in District Heating Networks

District heating energy hubs require reliable heat load forecasts for efficient operational scheduling. Forecasting models trained on historical data may require retraining as networks evolve. Zero-shot time-series foundation models and in-context forecasting therefore offer a promising alternative: they can adapt at i...

Ben Spoek, Karim K. Ben Hicham, K. Derzsi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Scale Structural Features for Continual, Comprehensible Visual Recognition in a Developmental Learning Framework

Contemporary machine learning struggles to learn continually, reuse prior knowledge, and expose a comprehensible internal structure. A recently proposed developmental, gradient-free learning framework addresses these limitations by learning a discrete, topological model of its inputs through local variation and selecti...

Zeki Doruk Erden · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Scaffold Splits: Structural-Frontier Evaluation Reveals Hidden Failures in ADMET Models

Molecular property models are commonly evaluated by holding out Bemis-Murcko scaffolds, yet a scaffold identifier is only one notion of chemical unfamiliarity. We introduce a label-free structural-frontier split that reserves the sparsest and most physicochemically remote scaffold groups, and evaluate it on six public...

Jiacheng Zheng, Chang Guo, Zixuan Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Probabilistic Filters with Strictly Proper Scoring Rules

Bayesian filtering of partially and noisily observed dynamical systems seeks to infer the evolving conditional distribution of the state of a dynamical system given observations, in an online fashion. This Bayesian filtering distribution is rarely available as a supervised learning target. However, one can often use th...

Eviatar Bach, Ricardo Baptista, Jochen Br\"ocker et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prime Fourier Embeddings: A Principled Basis for Modular Arithmetic

Numbers have algebraic structure that standard neural embeddings often fail to expose. We introduce Prime Fourier Embeddings (PFE), which encode integers as prime-indexed (cos, sin) pairs derived from the harmonic analysis of Q, providing a pre-structured representation in which modular arithmetic reduces to selecting...

Hyunsang Hwang, Suhyun Bae, Donghun Lee · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Do Sparse Autoencoders Learn Meaningful Concept Hierarchies?

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have become an important tool for unsupervised concept discovery in large models. To make the resulting feature spaces more interpretable and manageable, recent approaches have begun imposing hierarchical structure, either explicitly or as an implicit effect of training constraints, yet rigor...

Nils Grandien, David Steinmann, Felix Friedrich et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Explaining Attention with Program Synthesis

A longstanding goal of research on interpretable deep learning is to replace opaque neural computations with human-meaningful symbolic descriptions. In this paper, we propose an approach for approximating the behavior of components of deep networks with executable programs. We focus on attention heads in transformer la...

Amiri Hayes, Belinda Z Li, Jacob Andreas · 0 citations
#machine learning Open access Oct 2026

We Need Explanation Cards to Connect Explanation Algorithms to the Real World

Algorithmic explanations are intended to help stakeholders understand opaque algorithmic decisions, but in practice, they often fall short. First, the meaning of algorithmic explanations is often not what one might intuitively expect, so expert knowledge is required to interpret them correctly. Second, recent work has...

Eric G\"unther, Bal\'azs Szabados, Kristof Meding et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Express Language Modeling

We introduce a new tool, Express, for converting a non-causal attention approximation into a causal approximation with matching approximation guarantees. When combined with the state-of-the-art Thinformer approximation, Express improves upon the best known causal attention guarantees, delivering $\log^{3/2}(n)/s$ appro...

Albert Gong, Annabelle Michael Carrell, Raaz Dwivedi et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 7, 2026

Discovering the value of humanistic inquiry

Students in MIT’s Concourse program delve deeply into the human condition, debate challenging questions, and learn to develop judgment about issues that can’t be quantified.

Microsoft Research Blog Oct 7, 2026

Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses

Training AI agents with reinforcement learning can be challenging because their tools, context, and decision-making are managed by complex frameworks. Agent Lightning connects existing agents to RL training, making it easier to improve them without rebuilding them. The post Agent Lightning v1.0: A 3,500-Line Lightweight Agentic RL Framework for Training Agents with Real Harnesses appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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