diffusion models

From rhizome diffusion to programmable architecture: a systems framework for controllable spatial expansion in bamboo and other clonal plants

Introduction Rhizome-driven spatial expansion in bamboo and other clonal plants is governed jointly by architectural patterning, belowground bud bank demography, hormonal crosstalk, carbon allocation, environmental plasticity and genomic regulation. This integrative review synthesises those strands and then asks a ques...

MOF–biochar composites for wastewater treatment: A review on synthesis, properties, and adsorption mechanisms

Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals, dyes, and emerging contaminants remains difficult to treat using conventional adsorbents due to limited selectivity and insufficient active sites. Recently, metal-organic framework-biochar (MOF–BC) composites have emerged as promising hybrid materials that combine the stab...

A Superconvergent Two-Grid Finite Element Method for the Keller–Segel Equations with Cross-Diffusion and Logistic Source

Deep learning-driven multisource remote sensing image fusion: Advances, challenges, and future directions

Multisource remote sensing image fusion has become an important solution to a long-standing limitation in Earth observation: individual sensors rarely provide high spatial detail, rich spectral information, reliable structural sensitivity, and frequent temporal coverage at the same time. This review examines how deep l...

PDE-Based (Partial Differential Equation) Models for Understanding Information Flow in Deep Neural Networks

Transplanting the deep neural networks into high-stakes decision-making has left folks more and more willing to have a clear mathematically-founded understanding of how they actually operate. Researchers have been advocating the use of models that are not only transparent but also mathematically sound. The existing pos...

Sketch and paint: A structural–temporal aware refinement network for fine-grained crop mapping on satellite image time series

Crop type mapping based on Satellite Image Time Series (SITS) is a cornerstone of large-scale agricultural monitoring. However, existing methods often struggle in agricultural landscapes characterized by field fragmentation and crop phenological variability, where inter-class boundary ambiguity and intra-class phenolog...

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from the Pulp of Myrciaria dubia Using Eco-Friendly Solvents: Extraction Kinetics and Determination of Mass Transfer and Thermodynamic Parameters

Abstract Sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from Amazonian fruits is essential for green chemistry, but integrated kinetic, thermodynamic, economic, and sustainability assessments for Myrciaria dubia (camu–camu) phenolics remain limited. This study investigated phenolic extraction from camu–camu pulp using n...

Atomistic Insights into Gradient Architecture Driven Strengthening in Additively Manufactured Cu–Ni Stepwise Graded Structures

ABSTRACT In this study, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to compare the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured Cu‐Ni Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) as a function of the functional gradient design. Two gradient architectures, a stepwise graded architecture and a layer‐by‐layer gradient, are...

Periodic Mesoporous Metal Oxides With Consistent Structure and Complementary Sensing Selectivity for Reliable Artificial Olfactory

ABSTRACT The integration of functional materials and intelligent algorithms has endowed artificial olfactory systems with promising potential across various fields. Nevertheless, their accuracy and reliability in practical gas recognition remain constrained, primarily due to the unrefined combination of sensing materia...

Multimodal content generation and enhancement for smart imaging

With the rapid development of deep learning technology, multimodal content generation has shown substantial application potential in fields such as medical imaging, industrial inspection, and creative design. However, existing methods face semantic gap problems in cross-modal feature fusion and struggle to simultaneous...

ADSORPTIVE REMOVAL OF Pb(II) FROM DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS: KINETICS AND EQUILIBRIUM OF THE PROCESS

Wastewater from galvanic and metallurgical plants, the mining and engineering industries, and the manufacture of lead-acid batteries, textiles, paints and dyes may contain lead ions at concentrations of 60–120 mg l⁻¹. Adsorption is regarded as one of the most promising and most economically viable methods for the remov...

Dynamics of coupled nonlinear diffusion–reaction systems

We study two coupled nonlinear Fisher–Kolmogorov equations with anomalous diffusion. Because analytical solutions are difficult to obtain, we use a reduced collective-coordinate method based on two time-dependent power-law assumptions. This approach reduces the original partial differential equations to a simpler syste...