diffusion models

hb925822/DiffKT: for zenodo v1.0.0

DiffKT: Robust Knowledge Tracing via Bidirectional Context and Conditional Diffusion This repository contains the official implementation of the DiffKT framework, as described in our paper submitted to Scientific Reports. What's included GCSE (Global Context-aware State Estimator): Bidirectional full-sequence context e...

The Blue of the Sky Returns the Same Number With or Without Molecules, and the Formula Without Them Diverges at the Critical Point ── for air at 550 nm, Rayleigh's formula with independent molecules and Einstein's formula written with density fluctuations alone both return an attenuation coefficient of 1.039926×10⁻⁵ per metre, and the formula without molecules returns their number through kT κ_T; in water the two routes split by a factor 0.096418, and at the critical point the fluctuation formula diverges as 4(1+ε)/(9ε) ── the separator is whether what scatters is counted as molecules or as fluctuations ── [Paper 1023]

The sky is blue because air scatters short wavelengths more strongly. Rayleigh (1899) counted this with molecules placed as independent scatterers; Einstein (1910) wrote the same phenomenon without molecules, from density fluctuations and the isothermal compressibility alone. This paper counts that the two formulas ret...

Anisotropic reaction-diffusion over the Araripe Plateau: code and data

Code and data for 460,080 simulations of a reaction-diffusion model over real topography from 18 windows along the edge of the Araripe Plateau, northeastern Brazil, under the five illustrative temperature pathways of IPCC AR6. The sweep varies the position of the thermal optimum, the thermal tolerance, the dispersal an...

Recent Horizons in Pyridine-Based Agrochemicals (2020-2026): From Molecular Design to Ecological Safety

Abstract Pyridine derivatives have emerged as indispensable pharmacophoric scaffolds in contemporary agrochemistry, driving breakthroughs across next-generation insecticides, plant growth regulators (PGRs), micronutrient chelators, and biostimulants. This review provides a comprehensive, critical synthesis of structura...

The Blue of the Sky Returns the Same Number With or Without Molecules, and the Formula Without Them Diverges at the Critical Point ── for air at 550 nm, Rayleigh's formula with independent molecules and Einstein's formula written with density fluctuations alone both return an attenuation coefficient of 1.039926×10⁻⁵ per metre, and the formula without molecules returns their number through kT κ_T; in water the two routes split by a factor 0.096418, and at the critical point the fluctuation formula diverges as 4(1+ε)/(9ε) ── the separator is whether what scatters is counted as molecules or as fluctuations ── [Paper 1023]

The sky is blue because air scatters short wavelengths more strongly. Rayleigh (1899) counted this with molecules placed as independent scatterers; Einstein (1910) wrote the same phenomenon without molecules, from density fluctuations and the isothermal compressibility alone. This paper counts that the two formulas ret...

Temperature Dependence of Elemental Depth Profiles at the Au/Si Interface Using Confocal Micro X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis

ABSTRACT This study aims to establish a method for nondestructively evaluating the elemental diffusion behavior at metal/semiconductor interfaces in situ, which is extremely important for reliability assessment of next‐generation semiconductor devices. Confocal micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (CMXRF) was employed...

Inside the Sun Light Advances on a Clock of Length Squared, and Outside on a Clock of Length ── The ratio of the two clocks is how many mean free paths fit in the radius, 3.315810917 times 10 to the 10, and the number of years moves by orders of magnitude with the mean free path while the exponent 2 does not ── the separator is whether the step length is taken fixed or exponentially distributed ── [Paper 1048]

Light crosses the radius of the Sun in 2.3 seconds. Yet to seep out from within takes incomparably longer. This paper counts the two as clocks of different dimension. No new theorem and no new law is claimed. Scope of this paper (scope note): No new theorem and no new law is claimed──the square law of the random walk,...

Classification-aware conditional diffusion-augmented criss-cross graph transformer for EEG-based emotion recognition

Reliable electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition remains challenging because labeled recordings are limited, noisy, non-stationary, and strongly subject dependent. This paper proposes a classification-aware conditional diffusion-augmented criss-cross graph transformer for raw EEG emotion recognition. Unlik...

Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Diffusion Transformers

Brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is central to sur-gical planning and radiotherapy targeting, yet manual delineation is time-intensiveand subject to significant inter-rater variability. Dominant transformer-based seg-mentation architectures require 60–150 million parameters and exceed 300...

Developing an SNR-efficient tensor-valued diffusion encoding protocol for studying brain microstructural changes in neurodegeneration

Tensor-valued diffusion encoding (TDE) is an emerging diffusion MRI technique that uses advanced diffusion-encoding waveforms and modeling to provide enhanced specificity to brain microstructure compared with conventional Stejskal-Tanner pulsed-gradient encoding. However, the diffusion encoding duration to achieve the...

Multimodal MRI links brainstem susceptibility, sleep architecture, and glymphatic-related diffusion in Parkinson’s disease

SDPM: Structural Dynamic Pattern Mapping Framework — A Methodological Approach to Conditional Structural Foresight

This paper presents a conceptual and methodological framework for long-horizon structural foresight of techno-social systems, formulated as a conditional projection rather than a deterministic calendar forecast. The framework treats the period 1926–2000 as training data to extract three dynamic laws—wave superposition...