diffusion models

Evolutionary Characteristics and Trends of the Cross-Border Integrated Logistics Network in Inland Provinces Driven by China-Europe Railway Express and Land-Sea Intermodal Transport

Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), significant changes have taken place in the cross-border trade and logistics corridor systems of China’s inland provinces. Taking 18 inland provinces along the Belt and Road as the research objects, this study constructs a cross-border integrated logistics network...

Foreign direct investment and technological upgrading in CPTPP economies: digital infrastructure as a conditioning factor in innovation diffusion

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely recognized as an important channel for technology transfer and technological upgrading, but these benefits are not automatic. This study examines whether digital infrastructure conditions the relationship between FDI and technological upgrading across 11 Comprehensive and Progr...

Stochastic Analysis of Competing Opinion Dynamics with Trend-Following, Opposition, and Indifference

Abstract. We analyze a stochastic model for the diffusion of two competing opinions in a population composed of trend-followers, opposers, and indifferent individuals. The model introduces a reinforcement mechanism modulated by parameters representing these behavioral types, resulting in a rich asymptotic structure. W...

Minimum ADC outperforms PSA and PSA density for predicting ISUP grade group in prostate cancer: a retrospective study of 192 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

Background Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been proposed as a quantitative biomarker of prostate cancer aggressiveness, and an inverse relationship between ADC and Gleason score has been reported across numerous single-marker studies and meta-analyses. However, mos...

Suppressing Charge Recombination in DSSCs with ZrO2 Compact Layers: Experimental Validation and Mathematical Modeling

Since their breakthrough development, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as highly promising third-generation photovoltaics; however, interfacial charge carrier recombination remains a persistent bottleneck. This study investigates the application of a wide bandgap ZrO2 electron blocking layer (EBL) to mit...

Kinetic Quantum Theory-Gravitation Unification: Towards Recovery and Extension of the Standard Model

Kinetic Quantum Theory (KQT) is a local kinetic theory built from positive distributions, canonical SQF dynamics, and exact conservation laws. Previous constructions established the microscopic SQF pair $(s,J)$, its $4\pi$ topology, quantum limits, relativistic propagation, and the spacetime-SQF gravitational connectio...

Equilibrium insurance pricing for large losses

Catastrophe‐exposed P&C insurance markets increasingly confront low‐frequency but high‐severity losses. When such risks interact with costly external financing, insurance pricing depends not only on expected losses but also on insurers' balance‐sheet conditions and capacity constraints. In this paper, we develop a dy...

The lingering phenomenon and pattern formation in a nonlocal population model with cognitive map

Abstract The rates at which individuals memorize and forget environmental information strongly influence their movement paths and long-term space use. To understand how these cognitive time scales shape population-level patterns, we propose and analyse a nonlocal population model with a cognitive map. The population de...

Asymptotically-Embedded Deep Learning for Unsteady Singularly Perturbed Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations

Why are farmers in South India shifting from conventional ‘Green Revolution’ agriculture to natural farming?

Introduction The Green Revolution contributed to significant increases in crop production and yield in India. However, it also resulted in negative social and environmental consequences. In response, alternative farming practices have emerged, based on agroecological principles, such as natural farming. In recent years...

Who Owns the Outcome? Designing Accountability into Human and AI Teams

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly performing consequential work inside organizations, yet responsibility for their outcomes cannot be delegated to the systems themselves. This work examines the resulting accountability gap in human-AI teams and proposes a practical framework for assigning ownership befor...

Who Owns the Outcome? Designing Accountability into Human and AI Teams

Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly performing consequential work inside organizations, yet responsibility for their outcomes cannot be delegated to the systems themselves. This work examines the resulting accountability gap in human-AI teams and proposes a practical framework for assigning ownership befor...