diffusion models

Deep potential-driven molecular dynamics unveiling composition-structure-property correlations in LiF-BeF2-UF4 molten salt system.

Molten fluoride salts are critical heat carriers and fuel solvents for advanced molten salt reactors. Yet, their complex atomic interactions and composition-dependent structural evolution remain challenging to characterize over a wide range of temperatures and compositions. Here, we develop a highly transferable and ac...

Reconstruction of Low-Quality Channel Data in Magnetoencephalography using Surface Reconstruction and Interpolation Methods

Purpose: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a brain imaging method with high temporal and acceptable spatial resolution, achieved by recording neural magnetic fields. The data quality of this imaging method is compromised due to reasons such as the failure of one or more sensors. This study aims to explore the efficiency...

BootDiffLights: Decentralized traffic signal control via diffusion-based reward generation

Compartmental-Reaction Diffusion Framework for Microscale Dynamics of Extracellular Serotonin in Brain Tissue

Abstract. The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) shapes the plasticity and integration of network dynamics in the entire brain. In contrast to axons that have well-defined targets and form classical synapses, serotonin-releasing (serotonergic) axons often produce random-walk-like trajectories, accumulate...

Affordance-based robot manipulation with flow matching

We present a framework for assistive robot manipulation that addresses two fundamental challenges: efficient adaptation of large-scale models for scene affordance understanding and effective learning of robot actions by grounding the visual affordance. To tackle the first challenge, we adopt a parameter-efficient promp...

History of Algorithmic Music Generation: From Mozart to Modern AI

Algorithmic Music Generation is an old topic. From very basic systems of controlled randomness to advanced data-driven systems. This paper summarizes the general history of algorithmic music generation, as well as three key eras: the random combination era, the rule-based algorithm generation era and the deep learning...

Interfacial Intensification in Aqueous Micelles Enables Highly Efficient Hydrogenation with Ultra-Low Pd Loading

Abstract Despite the wide implementation in laboratory and industrial synthesis, multiphase hydrogenation is often constrained by inherently low gas-liquid (G-L) mass transfer efficiency, stemming from the poor solubility and slow diffusion of hydrogen in aqueous media. Here, we report an interfacial intensification st...

THE SHARED GENETICS BETWEEN BRAIN STRUCTURE AND PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: FROM GWAS TO DEVELOPMENTAL MECHANISMS

Structural brain abnormalities at both macro- and micro-scale are highly heritable and have been commonly observed in neuropsychiatric conditions, and theorised to be endophenotypes. However, it is unclear to what extent they are attributable to medication, disease progression, or other sequalae that do not reflect dis...

Disorder-controlled quantum-to-classical transport crossover in TiN thin films on mica

TiN thin films were deposited on muscovite mica substrates over a wide range of growth temperatures (25–400 °C) to investigate the influence of substrate-mediated microstructure on electronic transport. X-ray diffraction confirms crystalline TiN formation across the growth series, while scanning electron microscopy rev...

Continuum Limit, Spectral Dimension ds -> 4, and Universal Finite-Size Scaling on Relational 2-Complexes

We establish the emergence of a continuous four-dimensional macroscopic spacetime manifold from the discrete exterior calculus (DEC) of relational 2-complexes via dynamical heat kernel diffusion and universal finite-size scaling. Within Relational Hodge Gravity (RHG), physical geometry is governed by the 0-form and 1-f...

Calibrating fiscal policy signals for ammonia fuel adoption in shipping

Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon shipping fuel, yet uptake remains sluggish. This study calibrates budget-constrained fiscal instruments to promote shipowner adoption and sustain diffusion while ensuring supplier profitability, supply stability, and government payoff. We develop a two-layer Stackelberg model with the...

Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, or Non-Thermal Plasma: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species

Melanoma is characterised by profound immune evasion, and although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed clinical management, durable responses remain limited to a subset of patients. Therapies that induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) can enhance anti-tumour immunity by converting dying tumour cells into...