diffusion models

Stellarator island divertor shape optimization for reduced peak heat fluxes

Abstract An automated algorithm to construct island divertors for stellarators is presented and is used to find divertors that meet heat load requirements determined by material limits. The algorithm uses just two initial conditions: two starting coordinates on the island separatrix chosen by the user. We leverage the...

Latent causal diffusions for single-cell perturbation modeling

Perturbation screens hold the potential to systematically map regulatory processes at single-cell resolution, yet modeling and predicting transcriptome-wide responses to perturbations remains a major computational challenge. Existing methods often underperform simple baselines, fail to disentangle measurement noise fro...

On a Modified Mathematical Model Arising from a Trojan Y Chromosome Strategy

In this paper, we investigate a modified Trojan Y chromosome (TYC) strategy aimed at eradicating invasive species from natural habitats. The proposed mathematical model enhances the original TYC framework by ensuring the nonnegativity of population densities and preventing potential solution blow-up. The new model is f...

Entropic Optimal Transport Eigenmaps for Nonlinear Alignment and Joint Embedding of High-Dimensional Datasets

Abstract. Embedding high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional space is an indispensable component of data analysis. In numerous applications, it is necessary to align and jointly embed multiple datasets from different studies or experimental conditions. Such datasets may share underlying structures of interest but e...

MR Cytometry of Microstructural Changes in Breast Cancer: Association With Treatment Response and Prognosis

ABSTRACT Background Although MR cytometry can probe microstructural features, the longitudinal trajectories of these changes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and their association with treatment response and prognosis remain poorly defined. Purpose To characterize longitudinal changes in NAC‐associated cellular mi...

On the Geometry of Fractal Prime Structures: Adèlic Spectral Regularization, Multi-Scale Coercivity, and Physical Manifestations

We construct an operator-theoretic framework demonstrating that the distribution of prime-gap fluctuations and scale-invariant geometric networks can be analyzed as dual manifestations of an underlying adèlic spectral geometry. By formulating dilation flows over the adèle class space \mathbb{X} = \mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}...

A Fluctuating Lattice Boltzmann Model with Independent Directional Stochastic Fluctuations for Brownian Motion

Abstract Accurate simulation of Brownian motion is essential for understanding particle dynamics at micro- and nanoscales. The fluctuating lattice Boltzmann method provides a mesoscopic framework for modeling thermal fluctuations, but conventional formulations impose identical fluctuations on opposite lattice direction...

Corrigendum to “Single-stage signal Attenuation Diffusion Model for Low-Light Image Enhancement and denoising” [Pattern Recognition 183 (2027) 114918]

FDCL Part VIII: Hierarchical Networks and Feedback Control in FDCL Models — Exact Routing, Stability and Observation Conditions

We develop explicit network, routing and feedback models motivated by FDCL geometry. Core–branch reductions preserve optimal congestion, while joint routing and capacity allocation on a general graph reduce to weighted shortest paths. A weighted graph field has an exact diffusion threshold including coupling to null mo...

FDCL Part III: Resistance and Diffusion on FDCL Graphs — Exact Flows and Harmonic Reduction

We study resistance and diffusion on graph models associated with the six-digit FDCL construction. For the voxel graph, an explicit optimizing current gives the exact resistance between shorted horizontal faces. An orthogonal load decomposition and corrected planar currents prove that the prescribed uniform-face resist...

Can multimodal large language models evaluate AI-generated industrial design images? An empirical comparison with human expert assessment

Text-to-image (T2I) generation models are increasingly used in industrial design, but assessing the quality of their outputs still depends on slow, small-scale human expert review, which constrains the automation advantage of generative AI and hinders its adoption in this domain. This paper empirically examines whether...

Electrically Gated Carrier‐Dynamic Control of High‐ Q Dark Modes in Silicon‐Integrated Terahertz Metasurfaces

ABSTRACT Electrically tunable terahertz metasurfaces are promising for dynamic filtering, switching, sensing, and imaging, yet their operation is often described phenomenologically without a quantitative link between carrier transport and resonant electromagnetic response. Here, we report a silicon‐integrated terahertz...