diffusion models

Transforming the textile industry through sustainable innovation: The case of Jeanologia

This teaching case examines Jeanologia, a Spanish technology company that has transformed the global textile industry through sustainable innovation. Founded in 1994, the firm has developed technologies such as laser, ozone, water-treatment, and digital impact-measurement solutions—that reduce the environmental footpri...

Supplementary material from "A multiple natural configuration framework for hydrolytic degradation in biodegradable polymers"

We developed a chemo-mechanical constitutive framework to model the response of viscoelastic biodegradable polymers undergoing hydrolysis. The framework integrates time-dependent fluid diffusion, scission kinetics with autocatalysis, monomer transport, volume changes and viscoelastic deformation. The framework is based...

OCTOPUS: A versatile open-source tool creating realistic numerical brain cells

Brain cell morphology plays a crucial role in function and pathology. Biophysical models of diffusion MRI (dMRI) quantify cell morphology in vivo, enabling the design of novel biomarkers. These models represent cells by simplified geometries, such as spheres and randomly oriented cylinders, for which analytical signal...

State Capacity and the Geography of Innovation Adoption

Innovation does not diffuse evenly across space, and this paper argues that state capacity is a primary determinant of where new technologies are successfully adopted. Using cross‑regional data on administrative effectiveness, public‑goods provision, and institutional quality, we show that areas with stronger state cap...

Probabilistic Modeling of Stochastic Diffusion Processes in Deep Neural Networks

Abstract: Develop a new method for efficiently modeling stochastic diffusion processes within deep neural networks, improving the stability and generalization of these models. Core Claim: Develop a new method for efficiently modeling stochastic diffusion processes within deep neural networks, improving the stability an...

EFFECT OF Ca2+ BUFFERS WITH MULTIPLE BINDING SITES ON SHORT-TERM SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY

Introduction Ca2+ ions are essential for triggering and modulating synaptic neurotransmitter release. Since most Ca2+ entering the cell is quickly bound by Ca2+ buffers, these molecules strongly shape the synaptic dynamics. Two mechanisms have been proposed for buffer-driven short-term synaptic changes: (1) facilitatio...

Impact of EAAT2 Dysfunction on AMPA/NMDA-Mediated Excitability in Neuronal Activity

Introduction Epilepsy is among the most prevalent neurological disorders. The astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT2) plays a key role in regulating excitability, by controlling extracellular glutamate levels and glutamate receptor activation [1,2]. Reduced EAAT2 expression has been reported in several epi...

Influence mechanisms of built environment factors on residential electricity carbon emissions under carbon peaking pressure: a case study of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China

In light of the “dual carbon” objectives, examining residential electricity carbon emissions (RECE) is crucial for urban low-carbon advancement. This research investigates 146 micro-scale residential zones in Wuqing District, Tianjin, emphasizing the influence of building environmental factors (BEF) on RECE. This study...

SOLiD‐MaP: A Photoproximity Labeling Platform for Small Molecule Binding Site Mapping on RNA

RNA-targeting small molecules are emerging as promising therapeutic modalities, but their development requires methods that define binding sites and evaluate RNA target selectivity. Existing approaches for detecting ligand-RNA interactions have provided powerful foundations, yet many rely on direct cross-linking or cov...

GLIDE: Graph-Guided Leap Inference for Diffusion Estimation of Spatio-Temporal Point Processes

Advancing knotted protein design with ESM3: guided generation and topological insights

Abstract Multimodal protein language models have transformed protein design, yet their capacity to capture complex topological features remains poorly understood. We use knotted proteins, rare structures in which the backbone forms a nontrivial topological knot, as a test case to probe this capacity using ESM3, a gener...

Unraveling TeV halos with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Abstract Pulsars are observed to emit bright and spatially extended gamma-ray emission at multi-TeV energies. These so-called “TeV halos” are now understood to be a nearly universal feature of middle-aged pulsars. However, many of the key physical processes that govern these systems, particularly those affecting partic...