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data science

2,652 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Empirical Auditing of Edge-Private Graph Generators

We empirically audit privacy leakage by testing whether outputs from edge-neighbouring inputs remain distinguishable, using statistically valid lower bounds on the privacy loss witnessed by our attacks. Our framework compares direct-edge, local-structural, and GNN-based attacks through the geometry surrounding a target...

Anum Fatima, Stratis Limnios, James Adams et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Variational objectives for amortized Bayesian inference in inverse problems: The role of posterior conditioning

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) offer an efficient approach to amortized Bayesian inference for inverse problems, but posterior accuracy can depend strongly on the choice of variational regularization, particularly when the inverse problem contains weakly identified parameter directions. This study investigates three o...

Abhishek Srivastava, Arijit Hazra, Rajesh Dubbaku · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

The Informational Content in Lepto-Variance and Its Relation to Higher Moments

Lepto-regression is defined as the machine learning process of constructing a Regression Tree of a target feature on itself. It is a novel, model-free method potentially revealing information on important sample structure properties. But it is yet not clear what the informational content of lepto-variance is and how it...

Vassilis Polimenis · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

What Does Chain-of-Thought Entropy Measure? A Channel Audit of Scaffolding, Routing, and Content

Entropy over chain-of-thought tokens decides which tokens receive the policy gradient, which get pruned, and whether a run has collapsed, yet each such statistic reads a next-token distribution mixing three choices: whether to emit connective scaffolding, which connective, and what the substantive continuation should b...

Marios Papamichalis, Regina Ruane · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Gap-Free Streaming PCA Beyond Rank-One Updates: Near-Optimal Rates and Applications to Differential Privacy

Streaming principal component analysis (PCA) seeks to recover a leading spectral subspace in a single pass over a data stream. We give a new analysis of the ubiquitous Oja's algorithm [Oja82] for the most general, gap-free variant of this problem, where no eigengap assumptions are made on the underlying mean matrix, co...

An-Ming Gu, Syamantak Kumar, Kevin Tian et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Beyond Scalar Sensitivity: Activation-Aware Mixed-Precision LLM Quantization with Cross-Layer Refinement

Experiments on multiple LLMs across different bit budgets show that CASA achieves lower perplexity than the latest scalar-proxy baselines, especially at ultra-low bit-widths ($<3$ bits per weight), confirming the distortion bound as a practical indicator of scalar-proxy failure.

Akihiro Yoshida, Yuma Ichikawa · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Efficient Cost-Aware LLM Evaluation via Bayesian Bandit Gittins Indices

Exhaustively evaluating every candidate LLM configuration on every benchmark item to identify a high-performing one is costly. We formulate configuration selection as a cost-aware Bayesian bandit problem and propose GittinsEval, which draws on the Bayesian-optimal Gittins policy to determine which configuration to eval...

Qian Xie, Yueli He, Nairen Cao · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Continuous Optimization for p-adic Models

We present the first method for native, continuous gradient descent for machine learning models with $p$-adic parameters. Existing native optimizers are discrete, mostly combinatorial searches, as the $p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$ are totally disconnected, with standard losses that are flat away from their minima. To...

Julian Salazar, D. Kanevsky, Matt Harvey et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Unbiased Gradients, Moving Stability Boundaries: Exact Mini-Batch Geometry in Linear Self-Attention

Unbiased stochastic gradients can match the full gradient in expectation while changing finite-step stability. We study this effect in one-layer linear self-attention for in-context linear regression, where shared-mode mini-batch training reduces exactly to a random two-factor map. The full-batch map preserves an ellip...

Krishnakumar Balasubramanian · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

xWhyL: Causal Interactive Learning

Explanations are central to causal reasoning, and cognitive science has long established that the human drive to explain is itself a mechanism for learning about causality. Despite this, learning from those abductive signals is largely ignored in artificial intelligence. While explainable AI (XAI) increasingly draws on...

Nicholas Tagliapietra, Florian Peter Busch, Moritz Willig et al. · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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