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data science

2,651 papers

#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

FedIncome: Federated Learning for Income Estimation in Digital Lending Under Data Sovereignty Constraints

FedIncome is introduced, a federated learning framework for income estimation that enables institutions to train a shared model without pooling raw borrower records and improves out-of-time performance across all sample-size groups, with the largest gains for data-scarce clients.

Sultan Amed, Tanmay Sen, Sayantan Banerjee · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Robustness of Diffusion Models under Distribution Shift

This work studies robust score estimation under Wasserstein perturbations of a reference distribution of Ornstein--Uhlenbeck diffusion and characterize how finite data, intrinsic dimension, and distribution shift affect the robustness of score-based diffusion models.

Wei Luo, N. K. Chada, Shi-Jie Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

Multitask Regression with Pairwise Fusion

We study multitask regression when coefficient sharing can differ by predictor. For a given predictor, many tasks may have the same coefficient while a few differ, and the exceptional tasks need not be the same for another predictor. We describe this structure by two quantities: the number of active predictors and the...

Xiaodong Li, Zhentao Li · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Sep 2026

On the Sample Complexity of Active Learning with Membership Queries

This work revisits a fundamental question in active learning: how powerful is the ability to synthesize arbitrary queries? Compared to pool-based active learning, where the learner only selects queries from a given unlabeled pool, we find that this seemingly mild change in query ability may dramatically alter the diffi...

Ganghua Wang, Shaddin Dughmi · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Artificial intelligence surrogates for treatment effect estimation with before-and-after data

Estimating the causal effects of medical treatments is difficult when clinically important outcomes are costly to measure or require long follow-up. Short-term or inexpensive surrogate outcomes offer a potential alternative, but surrogate biomarkers may be unavailable or difficult to identify. Advances in artificial in...

F. Dean, Anna Neufeld, Joshua Barrios et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Like Trap: Multi-Stage Poisoning against Agents in Similarity-based Recommendation Systems

With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents, these agents are becoming increasingly autonomous and gaining broader access to act on users'behalf on the internet. However, the vulnerability of automated agents deployed on social media platforms (e.g., for managing a user's personal acco...

Yue Xing, Peng-Fei He, Zi-Tao Li · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Tight Regret Bound for Online Inverse Linear Optimization via Multiscale Matrix Weights

We study online inverse linear optimization with a fixed unknown linear utility: in each round, an environment presents a compact action set, the learner recommends an action from it, and the environment returns an action that maximizes the utility over the same set. When the utility vector and the actions lie in the $...

Shinsaku Sakaue · 2 citations · ⚡1
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Rolling Conformal Prediction in Sequential Model Training

Rolling Conformal Prediction is introduced, a distribution-free predictive inference method for the setting of sequential model training that proves high-probability training-conditional validity uniformly over time; under stability conditions, coverage guarantees sharpen towards $1-\alpha$.

Chen Cheng, Rui-Ting Liang, Rina Foygel Barber · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Discrete Diffusion Models via Evolving Variational Autoregressive Networks

Conventional score-based diffusion models learn scores without representing normalized densities, whereas tractable normalized models support both sampling and direct likelihood evaluation. A recent tensor-network approach provides such a representation but is largely restricted to low-dimensional lattices. Here we int...

Ke-Wen Pan, Ying Tang · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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