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computer vision

3,022 papers

#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Loss-Invariant Projections as Passive Probes of Learned Representations

Learned feature representations in neural networks often contain structure beyond that directly used by the final task output. We study this structure using $\textit{passive probes}$ that apply fixed, untrained, property-independent projections to representations as they evolve during training. We motivate this approac...

Akshay Chandrasekhar, P. Melnyk · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Ultrasound Operator Guidance Using World Modeling and Retrieval Based Action Planning

Ultrasound is widely used, but acquisition quality is heavily dependent on the operator's knowledge and expertise. With demand for examinations outpacing the supply of trained sonographers, operator-guidance systems aim to close this gap by instructing a less trained user how to move the probe toward a target view. In...

Noortje I. P. Schueler, Hans van Gorp, Ruud J. G. van Sloun · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

MEND: RL For Flow Models via Proximal Velocity Matching

Reward post-training of flow models either reweights the model's own samples under a KL penalty or a frozen reference, often for thousands of updates, or backpropagates the reward and moves every sample without checking that the move is worth its size. We introduce MEND, a reinforcement learning method built on proxima...

Shreshth Saini, Neil Birkbeck, Yilin Wang et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Transport Cost: Routing Differences between Flow Matching and Optimal Transport

In generative models, Optimal Transport (OT) is used to improve Flow Matching (FM) by reducing noise-data coupling cost. However, different noise-to-output assignments can yield nearly equal costs, raising a key question. Is cost alone sufficient to guide coupling design? We address this question by separating transpor...

Eungyeol Han, Jong-Seok Lee · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

From Pixels, Without Pre-training: Joint Generative and Self-Supervised Representation Learning in One Model

Strong image generation models are conditioned on class labels, aligned to frozen pretrained encoders, or built on separately trained autoencoders. While effective, generation then depends on supervision or pretraining: labels must be annotated, and encoders or autoencoders pretrained for the target domain. We study jo...

Vicente Balmaseda, Ching-Long Lin, Tian-Bao Yang · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Universal Test-Time Training

Recent Test-Time Training (TTT) architectures compress context into fast weights that are updated online and queried as memory. Existing TTT designs keep this memory private to each layer: it recurs only over time, and depth merely indexes L separate memories. We argue that memory ownership need not be tied to depth, a...

Ze-Fan Cai, Qin-Zhe Hu, Ziqiao Ma et al. · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FACET: Factorized Asymmetric Conditioning for Efficient Transport in High-Fidelity Fluorescence Microscopy Synthesis

Fluorescence microscopy reveals where proteins localize, but only a limited number of proteins can be imaged in the same cell; generating these images from amino-acid sequence and the cell's morphological context enables in silico localization of unimaged proteins. The two conditions, however, play asymmetric roles: mo...

Sazan Mahbub, Caleb N. Ellington, Eric P. Xing · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

KALEIDO: Input-Space Adaptation of a Vision Model for Time-Series Forecasting Through Gated Fold Geometries

Time-series foundation models buy zero-shot forecasting with large temporal corpora; a vision model needs none, since a natural image implicitly embeds the patterns a forecaster must model, and an ImageNet-pretrained masked autoencoder forecasts a series by inpainting a rendering of it. A rendered series is not a natur...

Xiangyu Shi, Qinghua Liu, Sam Heshmati et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning Discriminative Geometry for Drifting Models

Recently proposed Drifting Models shift iterative distribution refinement from inference to training, enabling effective one-step generation. However, their performance on complex image datasets depends strongly on the representation used to construct the drifting field: pixel-space drifting performs poorly, whereas pr...

Doudou Zhang, Wenwen Hou, Yilin Chen et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

UnAct: Gradient-Free Unlearning via Targeted Activation Intervention

Machine unlearning seeks to remove the influence of designated training data from a trained model without retraining from scratch. Retrain-free methods such as Selective Synaptic Dampening (SSD) and its label-free variant LFSSD avoid full retraining but still require backpropagation and parameter importance computed ov...

Saeed Abdul Muizz, Aayat Rafiq, Iqra Altaf Gillani et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Least Squares for Time Series Forecasting

A time-series forecast is scored on a future value of the series. A representation loss that regresses the next latent, as in LeNEPA, is a different least-squares problem on the same bottleneck. We write both programs down. The forecast program minimizes the error of a decoded latent on the coordinate that will be repo...

Weiu-qiou Ciang, Yuzhou Hong, Sherry Chen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Site Is Decodable Before Pretraining: Negative Controls for Probing Frozen Brain-MRI Foundation Models

Brain foundation models are often tested with a probe. The model is frozen, a simple classifier is trained on its output, and the classifier's accuracy is taken as a sign of what pretraining learned. We show that this reading can be wrong unless two controls are reported with it. We probed three frozen 3-D brain-MRI mo...

Saman Rahbar · 0 citations

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Microsoft Research Blog Oct 6, 2026

What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us

Jennifer Neville did not want to go into computer science—but that’s exactly where she landed. Neville discusses the starts and stops that led to her professional sweet spot and her work identifying “surprising failures” making it hard for AI to handle complexity.  The post What AI gets wrong and what failure teaches us appeared first on Microsoft Research.

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