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artificial intelligence

18,661 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

AudioTETRIS: Token Elimination via Transitional Importance Signals for Efficient Audio LLMs

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) achieve strong performance on speech-text tasks, but standard audio encoders produce hundreds of tokens for even short audio clips. Because self-attention scales quadratically in sequence length, this inflates inference-time compute substantially. Current training-free token compress...

Shreya Sajid, Anna Vettoruzzo, Joaquin Vanschoren · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Defence against the dark arts of distillation: Unsupervised discovery of subliminal learning

When a language model is distilled from a teacher that shares its base parameters, the student can inherit behavioural traits of the teacher---including misalignment---even from data that is semantically unrelated to the trait (Cloud et al., 2026). All existing defences require knowing the trait. We remove this require...

Joseph Egan, C. Gilligan-Lee, Michael O'Riordan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

RESCUE: Is This Alarm Worth Acting On? Counterfactual Evaluation of VLA Runtime Monitors

Runtime failure monitors for robot policies are typically evaluated by how accurately they distinguish failed from successful executions. Yet an accurate alarm may arrive too late for recovery, while an unnecessary intervention may disrupt an execution that would otherwise succeed. We introduce RESCUE, a counterfactual...

David Ahmedt-Aristizabal, Abdelwahed Khamis, Mohammad Ali Armin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Beyond Temporal Proximity: Explanatory World Models for Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning

Generative Recommenders increasingly use Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize outcomes that may appear hundreds or thousands of interactions after a decision. Standard RL propagates reward according to temporal proximity rather than explicit relevance, attenuating the signal assigned to distant but important actions...

Oriol Corcoll, Qiyao Wei, Ciar\'{a}n Mark Gilligan-Lee · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

When MLLMs miss what humans read: diagnosing and learning to read squint text

Multimodal LLMs can fail to read text embedded in an image's coarse structure (text a human recovers by squinting) and report that no text is present. We name this class Squint Text and study it as a recognition deficiency, motivated by cases from a production moderation pipeline. We introduce SquintBench, comprising 1...

Chen Peng, Shang-Qing Huang, Jian-Bo Huang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Collective Autonomous Vehicle Routing Needs Social Awareness for Coexistence with Human Drivers

Collective Autonomous Vehicle (AV) route choices in real-world traffic networks can create externalities for Human-Driven Vehicles (HDVs), as routes that benefit AVs may increase travel times for other road users. To address this, we introduce a social component, the marginal cost, to the selfish travel time AV reward....

Anastasia Psarou, M. Rams, B. Torbus et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CNN-Transformer with Sigmoid Label for High-Resolution Sub-Degree DOA Estimation

This paper addresses the grid quantization error of deep-learning (DL)-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Classification- based DOA methods discretize the continuous angular space into a grid, so that with a peak-based read-out, the accuracy and resolution are limited by the grid step and by the width of the...

Lifeng Wang, Xintong Li, Aifei Liu · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

In-Context Learning for System Identification: Probabilistic Formulation, Long-Sequence Handling, and Benchmark Validation

Traditional system identification typically involves two steps: initially, training data is processed to estimate a model of the system of interest; then, the model is used to predict outputs for new input queries. In contrast, recent in-context learning approaches learn a meta model that maps directly from training da...

Matteo Rufolo, D. Piga, Filippo Pura et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

ProgramGym: Scaling Training Environments for Long-Horizon Program Reproduction Agents

Coding agents are increasingly used to build programs from scratch as software engineers do rather than to resolve issues within a repository or to generate a repository from a given requirements document. However, scalable verifiable training environments that force agents to discover what is required and to decide ho...

Cheng-Yi Yang, Ren-Xu Bao, Jue Hou et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

AgentSWE: Can Coding Agents Build the Agent You Actually Want?

AgentSWE is introduced, a benchmark for agent software engineering spanning three stages of the agent development lifecycle: Creation of a complete agent from a natural-language requirement, Editing of production agent codebases, and Optimization toward a measurable target.

Jia-Hao Wang, Hong-Jin Qian, Yuyang Hu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Agreement Without Alignment: Label-Free Rubric Clarification Increases LLM-Judge Consensus but Not Agreement with Humans

LLM judges are increasingly deployed as panels, and disagreement among panel members is often read as a symptom of an unclear rubric. We test a label-free procedure that turns this disagreement into rubric repairs. The procedure decomposes each rubric into sub-criteria, ranks them by cross-judge disagreement on a devel...

Sangdo Han, Moonsoo Kim · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

PRIME: Pre-Retrieval Index Modeling Enhancement for Structured Document Retrieval-Real

High-precision retrieval over external knowledge bases is essential for LLM agents to operate effectively. However, existing Information Retrieval (IR) research primarily optimizes query-side retrievers (e.g., ColBERT, BGE) and generators (e.g., Self-RAG, GraphRAG), while reducing corpus-side representation to chunking...

Hei-Chung Cheuk, Li Liu · 0 citations

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