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artificial intelligence

18,165 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ACED-Bench: Evaluating How LLM Agents Acquire and Act on Causal Evidence

Large language models are increasingly used as scientific assistants, yet we still lack reliable ways to evaluate whether they can investigate a system rather than merely answer a prompt. A useful evaluation must let agents choose experiments, interpret finite evidence, and make causal decisions, while keeping the envi...

Yiwei Chen, Amila Weerasinghe, Siddharth Biswal et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

When Pleasing the User Compromises Care: AI Sycophancy in Caregiver-Mediated Healthcare

Large language model (LLM) alignment often assumes that the user interacting with a model is also the primary beneficiary of its behavior. Yet in many consequential settings, one person directs the system while another bears the consequences. We study this problem in caregiver-mediated healthcare, where parents, pet ow...

Priyadarsi Mishra, Arjun Beniwal, Zi-Yu Yi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Actionable Meta-Requirements for AI Robustness Auditing

AI-enabled systems must remain dependable when the conditions under which they operate change (e.g., due to input perturbations, distribution shifts, or changes in external dependencies). This makes robustness auditing of such systems important for judging whether the available evidence is sufficient to support a defin...

Joshua Owotogbe, Roya Nasiri, Indika Kumara et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Which Metadata Matters for LLM Tool Selection in MCP? Evidence from Controlled Factor-Level Interventions

In Model Context Protocol (MCP) systems, LLMs select tools from metadata rather than from their implementations. Names and descriptions summarize what a tool does, while the parameter schema specifies the fields a tool accepts and how they are organized. Our analysis of metadata for 367,174 MCP tools reveals substantia...

Xiaofan Li, Fengchun Qiao, Xing Gao · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

ConicFlow: constrained Inference-time optimal control for flow matching models

We propose ConicFlow, which frames constrained sampling from a flow matching model at inference time as an optimal control problem that balances deviation from the pretrained trajectory against reward, subject to hard terminal constraints. We discretize this problem and adapt receding-horizon control, optimizing only a...

Shervin Khalafi, Kasra Fallah, Sung Cho et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Controllable Diverse Sampling through Pullback Directions

Conditional diffusion models can generate high-quality images that align closely with a given prompt. However, samples generated from different random seeds may remain visually similar, limiting creative exploration. Existing approaches can increase variation, but often require additional optimization or sampling overh...

Sylvain Dehayem Kenfouo, Aaron Zweig, Mingxuan Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Echo: Error-Compensated 4-Bit Tensor-Parallel Communication for LLM Training and Inference

Tensor parallelism ends every layer with an all-reduce that sits between two dependent matrix multiplications, so its cost cannot be hidden and grows as compute outpaces interconnect bandwidth. Sending 4-bit instead of 16-bit values would cut this cost by nearly 4x, but the all-reduce must add the values it carries, an...

Xingyu Xie, Xiaoyong Xie, Zhouchen Lin et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...

Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Should SLMs be in the Driver's Seat? A Study of Local Models as Interpreters in Cloud-Written Agent Programs

An intermediate architecture is explored, in which the cloud-written program defers bounded questions over user data to a small local model through an ordinary function call, which improves the success rate of a code-only agent in all six combinations of backbone model and test partition.

Boris Radovič, Marco Canini, Veljko Pejović · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Cross-Modal Latent Influence: Patch-Level Training Sample Attribution for Vision-Language Models

Explaining a vision--language model (VLM) prediction requires tracing training-example influence to the multimodal evidence that mediates it, yet existing attribution methods largely operate only at the sample level. Recent latent-mediated influence methods provide feature-level attribution in language models, but lack...

Laura Yao, Shi-Xing Yu, Jie Peng et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Visualizing the World Model in an Agent's Value Function

This work applies counterfactual interventions to explore if the value function of a Proximal Policy Optimization agent forms a world model of the Crafter environment, and learns concepts such as the rules governing when a diamond is collectible, water and food having an impact on health, heuristics regarding inventory...

Shawheen Naderi, Fatemeh Akherati, Yu-Bei Chen · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Unconstrained CTI-REALM with Open-Weights

Organisations that want language-model agents for security work face a choice between open-weight models, which they can run and audit themselves, and far more expensive closed frontier models. We study that choice on CTI-REALM (arXiv:2603.13517), a benchmark in which an agent turns a threat-intelligence report into a...

Sahil Garg, Ruhi Gottumukkala, Vishal Agarwal et al. · 0 citations

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