Large language models are increasingly used as scientific assistants, yet we still lack reliable ways to evaluate whether they can investigate a system rather than merely answer a prompt. A useful evaluation must let agents choose experiments, interpret finite evidence, and make causal decisions, while keeping the envi...
Yiwei Chen, Amila Weerasinghe, Siddharth Biswal et al.· 0 citations
Large language model (LLM) alignment often assumes that the user interacting with a model is also the primary beneficiary of its behavior. Yet in many consequential settings, one person directs the system while another bears the consequences. We study this problem in caregiver-mediated healthcare, where parents, pet ow...
Priyadarsi Mishra, Arjun Beniwal, Zi-Yu Yi et al.· 0 citations
AI-enabled systems must remain dependable when the conditions under which they operate change (e.g., due to input perturbations, distribution shifts, or changes in external dependencies). This makes robustness auditing of such systems important for judging whether the available evidence is sufficient to support a defin...
Joshua Owotogbe, Roya Nasiri, Indika Kumara et al.· 0 citations
In Model Context Protocol (MCP) systems, LLMs select tools from metadata rather than from their implementations. Names and descriptions summarize what a tool does, while the parameter schema specifies the fields a tool accepts and how they are organized. Our analysis of metadata for 367,174 MCP tools reveals substantia...
Xiaofan Li, Fengchun Qiao, Xing Gao· 0 citations
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We propose ConicFlow, which frames constrained sampling from a flow matching model at inference time as an optimal control problem that balances deviation from the pretrained trajectory against reward, subject to hard terminal constraints. We discretize this problem and adapt receding-horizon control, optimizing only a...
Shervin Khalafi, Kasra Fallah, Sung Cho et al.· 0 citations
Conditional diffusion models can generate high-quality images that align closely with a given prompt. However, samples generated from different random seeds may remain visually similar, limiting creative exploration. Existing approaches can increase variation, but often require additional optimization or sampling overh...
Tensor parallelism ends every layer with an all-reduce that sits between two dependent matrix multiplications, so its cost cannot be hidden and grows as compute outpaces interconnect bandwidth. Sending 4-bit instead of 16-bit values would cut this cost by nearly 4x, but the all-reduce must add the values it carries, an...
Xingyu Xie, Xiaoyong Xie, Zhouchen Lin et al.· 0 citations
LLM agents' capabilities depend not only on their underlying models but also on their execution harnesses. Recursive self-improvement (RSI) offers a promising approach to automatically evolve these harnesses. However, deploying RSI in open-world settings still faces two critical challenges. First, open-world tasks are...
Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu et al.· 0 citations
An intermediate architecture is explored, in which the cloud-written program defers bounded questions over user data to a small local model through an ordinary function call, which improves the success rate of a code-only agent in all six combinations of backbone model and test partition.
Boris Radovič, Marco Canini, Veljko Pejović· 0 citations
Explaining a vision--language model (VLM) prediction requires tracing training-example influence to the multimodal evidence that mediates it, yet existing attribution methods largely operate only at the sample level. Recent latent-mediated influence methods provide feature-level attribution in language models, but lack...
Laura Yao, Shi-Xing Yu, Jie Peng et al.· 0 citations
This work applies counterfactual interventions to explore if the value function of a Proximal Policy Optimization agent forms a world model of the Crafter environment, and learns concepts such as the rules governing when a diamond is collectible, water and food having an impact on health, heuristics regarding inventory...
Organisations that want language-model agents for security work face a choice between open-weight models, which they can run and audit themselves, and far more expensive closed frontier models. We study that choice on CTI-REALM (arXiv:2603.13517), a benchmark in which an agent turns a threat-intelligence report into a...
Sahil Garg, Ruhi Gottumukkala, Vishal Agarwal et al.· 0 citations