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artificial intelligence

16,543 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Has a Bayesian Neural Network Sampled Enough? Adaptive Inference Time with Statistical Guarantees

Bayesian neural network predictions are commonly approximated using a fixed number of Monte Carlo samples per input, without controlling the resulting error that comes from this finite sample. We propose the use of confidence sequences to dynamically determine how many samples are needed while maintaining statistical g...

Fabian Denoodt, Sibylle Hess · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Recursive Self-Improvement through Multi-Agent Self-Supervision

Recursive self-improvement (RSI) of a model on non-verifiable tasks, such as open-ended research, faces a supervision bottleneck when its outputs exceed what even human experts can reliably assess, leaving the model itself (optimizee) as the best available optimizer and evaluator. However, a single model instance strug...

Hyunin Lee, Jinglue Xu, Jeffrey Seely et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning to Plan by Looking Back: Hindsight Hierarchies for Training Reasoning Models

We introduce a self-improvement loop for reasoning models based on the following observation: Even when the difficulty of a problem exceeds the model's current solving abilities, an additionally supplied solution might enable the model to extract useful solution ideas in hindsight. We operationalize this by jointly tra...

Lars Simon, Holger Eble, Manuel Radons · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Instruction-Conditioned Electromagnetic Spectrum Understanding via Budget-Adaptive Signal Tokenization

Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring increasingly requires flexible analysis beyond task-specific recognition and detection. Multimodal large language models offer a unified interface, but extending vision-language models (VLMs) to raw I/Q signals requires tokenization that balances fidelity against a strict budget. For...

Lei Zhai, Zhihao Chang, Shuyuan Yang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Q-Shaped Options for Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Learning to tackle long-horizon, goal-conditioned tasks requires an agent to reason over extended timescales and act across a broad range of states. In principle, Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) addresses both challenges through the interaction between action (temporal) and state (spatial) abstraction. First,...

C. Wibault, Antoine Gorceix, Antonio León Villares et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

OA-MAP: Evidence-Grounded Multi-Agent Multimodal Framework for Interpretable Knee Osteoarthritis Progression

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression prediction can support patient monitoring, requiring the integration of multimodal data and multidomain expertise. Moreover, isolated risk estimates provide limited insight underlying a prediction. To automate the progression assessment workflow and reduce manual effort while provi...

Si-Xu Chen, Ming-Rui Yang, Qiang Guan et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

An Investigation of Model Coherence: Narrow Finetunes Contradict Themselves Under Resampling

A large body of research measures model coherence based on output variance without adequately considering competing causes. We identify two such causes, ambiguity and indifference, and we introduce a set of 175 questions where contradicting answers cannot easily be explained by either. We then measure incoherence in te...

Robert Graham, Yariv Barsheshat, Phil Blandfort et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Use and Disuse: Intent-Structured Experience Consolidation for Memory and Learning in LLM Agents

The evolution of Large Language Model agents from single-task execution to long-term autonomous operation highlights the critical challenge of transforming continuous experiences into reusable knowledge. To address this, we propose Hippocam, a hierarchical memory and continual learning architecture. Hippocam draws insp...

Xiangyi Zeng, Baihang Liu, Xutong Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Universal Textual Teaching for LLMs

Knowledge distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from stronger Teacher models to weaker Student models, but most methods require training the Student parameters, thereby binding the distilled knowledge to a specific architecture and checkpoint. This implicit representation is difficult to interpret or reuse across model...

Zhan-Yi Lu, Huan Wang · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Recompose and Refine Latent Reasoning Flows for Vision-Language-Action Models

Latent reasoning enables vision-language-action (VLA) models to transform multimodal observations into task-relevant internal states before generating continuous robot actions. While existing methods learn to generate or refine such states for each policy query, they discard successful reasoning after execution and the...

Hong-Yu Shi, Sen Zhao, Zuyu Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

EvoAlloc: A Self-Evolving Resource Allocation Agent for Efficient Program Evolution

LLM-based program evolution relies on evaluation feedback to guide the iterative search for high-performing programs. However, evaluation is often computationally expensive, making it essential to allocate limited resources to candidates that can most effectively advance the search. Existing LLM-based methods typically...

Yanning Dai, Yuhui Wang, Nanbo Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Is Memorization Context-Sensitive? Prefix-Based Extraction Beyond Isolated Prefixes

Large language models (LLMs) can expose memorized training sequences under prefix-based extraction: given a prefix from a training example, the model may assign high probability to the original continuation. In deployed systems, however, prefixes are rarely evaluated in isolation. They often appear together with instru...

Ali Satvaty, Narjes Sharafi, Jirui Qi et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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