Constrained Machine Learning (CML) enables fairness-aware training, physics-informed neural networks, and integration of symbolic domain knowledge into statistical models. In this work, we introduce the Stochastic Penalty-Barrier Method (SPBM) for CML problems. SPBM extends classical penalty and barrier methods by inco...
Adam Bos\'ak, Andrii Kliachkin, Gilles Bareilles et al.· 0 citations
The self-attention mechanism is central to the success of Transformer architectures. However, standard row-stochastic attention has been shown to suffer from significant signal degradation across layers. In particular, it can induce rank collapse, resulting in increasingly uniform token representations, as well as entr...
Global optimization of black-box functions from noisy samples is a fundamental challenge in machine learning and scientific computing. Traditional methods such as Bayesian Optimization often converge to local minima on multi-modal functions, while gradient-free methods require many function evaluations. We present a no...
Qusay Muzaffar, David Levin, Michael Werman· 0 citations
The growing demand for on-device large language model (LLM) services on mobile edge devices has driven the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which scale model capacity with limited computation. Since fine-tuning MoE-based LLMs relies on privacy-sensitive local data, federated learning (FL) offers a na...
Zihan Fang, Qianru Wang, Haonan An et al.· 0 citations
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Multimodal web agents that process both screenshots and accessibility trees are increasingly deployed to interact with web interfaces, yet their dual-stream architecture opens an underexplored attack surface: an adversary who injects content into the webpage DOM simultaneously corrupts both observation channels with a...
Haoyu Liu, Dingcheng Li, Lukas Rutishauser et al.· 0 citations
Asynchronous primal-dual methods for decentralized non-smooth convex optimization often require each node to maintain $\mathcal{O}(d)$ auxiliary variables, where $d$ is its degree. This dependence on degree increases memory requirements and can amplify the effects of stale information, especially in dense networks. Mot...
Anna van Elst, Olivier Fercoq, Igor Colin et al.· 0 citations
The deployment of Artificial Intelligence in high-risk domains, such as finance and healthcare, necessitates models that are both fair and transparent. While regulatory frameworks, including the EU's AI Act, mandate bias mitigation, they are deliberately vague about the definition of bias. In line with existing researc...
Ji\v{r}\'i N\v{e}me\v{c}ek, Mark Kozdoba, Illia Kryvoviaz et al.· 0 citations
Engineering LLMs to accelerate life sciences research requires a robust alignment with biomedical knowledge. We observe that biomedical text exhibits a fundamentally different uncertainty structure from general text: dense low-confidence runs encode epistemic knowledge gaps (dense causal chains, rare entities) rather t...
Zhenchao Tang, Fang Wang, Haohuai He et al.· 0 citations
Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms such as PPO and GRPO are widely used to train large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn agentic tasks. However, in off-policy training pipelines, these methods can exhibit unstable optimization dynamics and are prone to perfor- mance collapse. Through empirical analysis, we iden...
Chenliang Li, Adel Elmahdy, Alex Boyd et al.· 0 citations
The design of learning objectives is central to training time-series forecasting models. Existing learning objectives such as mean squared error mostly treat each future step as an independent, equally weighted task, which leads to the following two challenges: (1) they overlook the label autocorrelation effect among f...
Hao Wang, Licheng Pan, Yuan Lu et al.· 0 citations
Training time-series forecasting models requires aligning the conditional distribution of model forecasts with that of the label sequence. The standard direct forecast (DF) approach resorts to minimizing the conditional negative log-likelihood, typically estimated by the mean squared error. However, this estimation pro...
Hao Wang, Licheng Pan, Yuan Lu et al.· 0 citations
We study kernel regression with common rotation-invariant kernels on real datasets including CIFAR-5m, SVHN, and ImageNet. We give a theoretical framework that predicts learning curves (test risk vs. sample size) from only two measurements: the empirical data covariance matrix and an empirical polynomial decomposition...
Dhruva Karkada, Joseph Turnbull, Yuxi Liu et al.· 0 citations
With $2.1 million funding from Google.org, the open-source Public Transit Intelligence Hub will unify public transit monitoring, operations, and passenger communication.
Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.