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artificial intelligence

14,515 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

PuzzleJAX: A Benchmark for Reasoning and Learning

We introduce PuzzleJAX, a GPU-accelerated puzzle game engine and description language designed to support rapid benchmarking of tree search, reinforcement learning, and LLM reasoning abilities. Unlike existing GPU-accelerated learning environments that provide hard-coded implementations of fixed sets of games, PuzzleJA...

Sam Earle, Graham Todd, Yuchen Li et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Boosting Large Language Models with Mask Fine-Tuning

The large language model (LLM) is typically integrated into the mainstream optimization protocol. However, it remains underexplored whether maintaining the model integrity is \textit{indispensable} for promising performance. In this work, we introduce Mask Fine-Tuning (MFT), a novel LLM fine-tuning paradigm demonstrati...

Mingyuan Zhang, Yue Bai, Huan Wang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

When Explanations Compete: Policy-Aware Selection Under Uncertainty

Uncertainty-aware explanation methods often produce several alternatives for the same prediction. Selecting among them requires a policy for balancing prediction confidence, uncertainty, and application constraints. This paper presents a framework for applying such policies to a fixed set of generated explanations. Can...

Helena L\"ofstr\"om, Tuwe L\"ofstr\"om, Johan Hallberg Szabadvary · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy: A Framework for Constructing Classifiers and Diagnosing Their Decisions, Applied to Prompt Injection Detection

This paper proposes a framework for constructing a classifier as a safeguard layer, and for developing a complementary diagnostic that identifies which of the classifier's confident decisions can be trusted. This framework, the Latent Diagnostic Taxonomy, consists of (i) constructing a dimensionality-optimized classifi...

Jaturong Kongmanee, Smile Thanapattheerakul · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Multi-Scale Structural Features for Continual, Comprehensible Visual Recognition in a Developmental Learning Framework

Contemporary machine learning struggles to learn continually, reuse prior knowledge, and expose a comprehensible internal structure. A recently proposed developmental, gradient-free learning framework addresses these limitations by learning a discrete, topological model of its inputs through local variation and selecti...

Zeki Doruk Erden · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Prime Fourier Embeddings: A Principled Basis for Modular Arithmetic

Numbers have algebraic structure that standard neural embeddings often fail to expose. We introduce Prime Fourier Embeddings (PFE), which encode integers as prime-indexed (cos, sin) pairs derived from the harmonic analysis of Q, providing a pre-structured representation in which modular arithmetic reduces to selecting...

Hyunsang Hwang, Suhyun Bae, Donghun Lee · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Explaining Attention with Program Synthesis

A longstanding goal of research on interpretable deep learning is to replace opaque neural computations with human-meaningful symbolic descriptions. In this paper, we propose an approach for approximating the behavior of components of deep networks with executable programs. We focus on attention heads in transformer la...

Amiri Hayes, Belinda Z Li, Jacob Andreas · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

FFR: Forward-Forward Learning for Regression

The Forward-Forward (FF) algorithm offers a computationally efficient and biologically plausible alternative to backpropagation (BP) by training neural networks through purely local, layer-wise optimization. However, FF is inherently designed for classification via contrastive positive-negative sample pairs, and extend...

Xinyang Liu, Xuanyu Liang, Shiqi Ding et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Task diversity produces systematic transfer but inhibits continual reinforcement learning

Continual reinforcement learning (RL) aims to produce agents that never stop adapting to new tasks. A key question is how this interacts with the diversity of tasks an agent experiences. Prior work has shown that training on many diverse tasks leads to agents with strong zero-shot and in-context adaptation. However, th...

Purab Seth, Neil Shah, Ishaan Sinha et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

The Terminal Representation in Reinforcement Learning

Representation learning is a powerful tool for spatio-temporal abstraction within reinforcement learning (RL). Two well established approaches are through the successor representation (SR) and the default representation (DR). The SR encodes states by the future trajectories they induce, capturing information flow decou...

Amir Esterhuysen, Anders Jonsson · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Reinforcement Learning over Predictive Distributions for LLM Regression

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as flexible regressors capable of predicting real-valued quantities from heterogeneous inputs. Yet most LLM regression objectives optimize predictions independently, often yielding poor calibration. We introduce Distribution-Aware Reward (DAR), an on-policy reinforcement learni...

Jungsoo Park, Hyungjoo Chae, Ethan Mendes et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

To Call or Not to Call: Diagnosing Intrinsic Over-Calling Bias in LLM Agents

LLM agents exhibit a consistent tendency to over-call, invoking tools even in situations where none is needed. On the When2Call benchmark, six models from three families show high call accuracy but much lower no-call accuracy, leaving overall accuracy in the 55%-70% range. We trace this to an Intrinsic Bias Hypothesis...

Wei Shi, Ziheng Peng, Sihang Li et al. · 0 citations

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MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Sep 29, 2026

Who we become when we talk to machines

Professor Sherry Turkle’s new book, “Artificial Intimacy,” offers a withering critique of chatbots and the antisocial dynamics she believes they encourage.

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