Serverless edge computing, despite its flexibility and efficiency, is hindered by high startup latency during peak load. Remote fork, employing either Checkpoint/Restore (C/R) or Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA), offers a potential solution for function scaling acceleration. Although RDMA fork is faster, the opportunities are limited, whereas C/R fork is more common but slower. Moreover, the regeneration capability that a forked function can further fork new instances complicates the remote fork decisions for fast scaling. Therefore, in this paper, we are motivated to address the problem on how to holistically exploit C/R fork and RDMA fork with the consideration of the underlying infrastructure features (e.g., topology, resources, etc.) to realize fast function scaling. We first formulate it to an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. We further introduce a Heat metric to assess the potential of an edge server as a fork destination according to the topology and resource availability, and propose a Heat-based fork strategy (HEAT) for both the fork destination site and the corresponding fork mode decisions. Experiment results demonstrate that HEAT improves the function scaling speed by 46% and RDMA resource utilization by 51%, compared to state-of-the-art scaling solutions.
Zhe-Xiong Li, Deze Zeng, Lin Gu et al.· IEEE Transactions on Mobile...· 0 citations
Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is widely adopted for high-performance datacenter workloads, but its strict ordering requirement conflicts with multipath transport in lossy networks. RDMA Network Interface Cards (RNICs) may interpret Out-of-Order (OOO) arrivals caused by diverse path latencies as packet loss. This triggers unnecessary retransmissions, severely degrading goodput collapse and inflating Flow Completion Time (FCT). We present PSN-PATH, a novel RDMA protocol to distinguish packet loss from OOO and avoid unnecessary retransmission, improving goodput and FCT of multi-path RDMA in lossy networks. PSN-PATH maps Packet Sequence Numbers (PSN) to network paths, enabling the receiver to verify packet continuity within each mapped path and distinguish real losses from OOO arrivals. PSN-PATH only retransmits lost packets and redirects traffic away from degraded paths. We implement PSN-PATH on Xilinx Alveo U50 FPGA using Vitis HLS and validate it via extensive simulation experiments. Experimental results demonstrate that PSN-PATH significantly outperforms existing solutions, reducing FCT by 95.81%, enhancing goodput by 5.11×, and reducing retransmissions by over 99% under high-load, lossy conditions.
Zhexiong Li, Shugui Wei, Puyu Zhao et al.· Conference on Applications,...· 0 citations
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