AI-Based Electronic Control Units for Software-Defined Vehicles: A Structured Review of Architectures, Techniques, and Hardware Implementations
The automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) architectureis undergoing a fundamental transformation from looselycoupled, function-specific electronic control units (ECUs)toward domain-centralized, zonal, and fully centralizedcomputing architectures, forming the foundation of emerg-ing software-defined vehicles (SDVs). In...