Author

Sadao Kurohashi

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#natural language process... Mar 2026

ShapleyLaw: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Multilingual Scaling Laws

This paper considers multilingual pretraining as a cooperative game in which each language acts as a player that jointly contributes to pretraining, gaining the resulting reduction in test loss as the payoff and proposes a game-theoretic multilingual scaling law called ShapleyLaw.

Xuyang Cao, Qian-Ying Liu, Chuan Xiao et al. · arXiv.org · 2 citations

#computer vision Jun 2026

Mechanistic Diagnostics of Spatial Lexical Bias in Multimodal Large Language Model Spatial Reasoning

It is shown that a lightweight LLM-only DPO update on tiny single-object-pair synthetic data mitigates the bias, lifting four-way robust accuracy by up to 100 points on synthetic data, and by 68.1 points on broader evaluation datasets WhatsUp, SpatialMQA-Direct, and VSR.

Chuan Ma, Qianying Liu, Tomoyuki Obuchi et al. · arXiv.org · 0 citations

#small language model Open access Aug 2026

Confidence-aware pseudo-label selection and verifier training for semi-supervised LLM reasoning with minimal labels

An adaptive threshold selection policy that chooses thresholds on validation data using pseudo-label precision and sample count is introduced and is combined with confidence-aware verifier training to support confidence-based selection of pseudo-labeled subsets.

Keizo Kato, Chen-Hui Chu, Yugo Murawaki et al. · Frontiers in Artificial Inte... · 0 citations