Citrus species are notable for their broad spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals that play an important role in human health and nutrition. Citrus improvement through conventional breeding remains severely constrained by biological bottlenecks, including long juvenile phases, high heterozygosity, nucellar polyembryony, and complex reproductive behavior, which collectively slow the development of superior cultivars. In recent years, advances in plant biotechnology have provided alternative strategies to overcome these limitations. This review synthesizes current progress in citrus improvement by integrating tissue culture, genetic transformation, genome editing, and metabolomics approaches. Particular emphasis is placed on how these tools enhance trait introgression, disease resistance, and fruit quality while accelerating breeding cycles. Additionally, the role of metabolomics in elucidating biochemical pathways and supporting precision breeding is highlighted. By combining conventional knowledge with emerging technologies, this review provides a comprehensive framework for modern citrus improvement. Future efforts should focus on integrating multiomics approaches with high-throughput phenotyping and genome editing to enable more efficient, targeted, and sustainable citrus breeding programs.
Dwaraka Vinodh Kumar, Navinraj Shanmugam, Muthuvijayaragavan R. et al.· ACS Agricultural Science &am...· 0 citations
India contributes 26% of global banana production, yet cultivation is severely threatened by Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Foc), necessitating sustainable, eco-friendly management strategies. This study evaluated the biocontrol potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Foc-resistant and -susceptible banana cultivars. Isolates from the pseudostem, corm, and root of the resistant cultivar showed significantly greater inhibitory activity than those from the susceptible cultivar, underscoring the role of host genotype in shaping functionally competent endophytic communities. Among all isolates, Bacillus sp. from the corm of cv. Rose (AB) showed the highest mycelial inhibition of Foc (70.37–76.54%) in vitro. GC-MS-based metabolite profiling revealed a chemically diverse array of secondary metabolites, fatty acid esters, steroids, terpenoids, siloxanes, and nitrogenous compounds. Corm-associated endophytes exhibited membrane-disruptive and cytotoxic activity, while root-associated endophytes contributed protective, defense-modulatory effects. Halomonas sp. RoRo2 and B. subtilis RoC1 showed the highest inhibition in both agar-well and in planta assays, with unsaturated fatty acids and organic acid derivatives implicated as key antifungal effectors acting through multiple biochemical pathways. These findings identify metabolically versatile endophytes as promising candidates for developing efficient, environmentally compatible bioinoculants as sustainable alternatives to chemical control of Fusarium wilt in banana.
D. P. Mohite, Kavino Mathiyazhagan, Nakkeeran Sevugapperumal et al.· Pathogens· 0 citations
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