Climate change is one of the major environmental concerns at present. Crops are trying to adapt to this changing climate through their own mechanisms. Also, to get the best output, various strategies have been taken by mankind to mitigate this climate change effect and adapt crops to stressed environments. This review comprehensively discusses the impact of climate change on crop adaptation, focusing on abiotic stresses like heat, drought, salinity, and increased CO
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and their effects on crop yield and development. It also explores the physiological, morphological, and biochemical adaptive mechanisms that enable a plant to withstand harsh environmental conditions, primarily due to climate change. Present strategies like conventional breeding techniques and biotechnological advancements, including marker-assisted selection, gene editing, and agronomic strategies, are the major driving forces behind the climate resilience of crops. Additionally, some emerging opportunities in crop adaptation, especially genome-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 and artificial intelligence, are advancing the process further. However, there are many critical challenges, which include regulatory constraints and public concern. An integrated approach among researchers, policymakers, and farmers is necessary to develop effective and sustainable solutions for improving crop adaptation to climate change and ensuring global food security.
Arpan Das, A. Biswas, J. Tandra et al.· CABI Agriculture and Bioscie...· 0 citations
Salinity and drought stresses induced by climate change pose critical threats to global food security, necessitating a comprehensive insight of plant adaptive mechanisms at the genomic level. This review brings together recent advances in identifying genes, regulatory networks, and evolutionary strategies underlying plant responses to osmotic stress. We discuss key transcription factor families (DREB, NAC, MYB, and WRKY), ion transporters (SOS pathway, NHX, and HKT), genes involved in osmolyte biosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems. Recent genomic studies have revealed extensive expansions of gene families, neofunctionalization events, and convergent evolution across plant lineages. Multiomics integration has illuminated complex regulatory networks involving microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and epigenetic modifications that fine-tune stress responses. We examine natural variation in stress tolerance, highlighting genomic signatures of selection in halophytes and xerophytes that provide insights for crop improvement. Pangenomic analyses revealed that significant structural variations and presence-absence variations contributed to stress adaptation. Finally, we discuss evolutionary trade-offs, the impact of domestication on stress resistance, and future directions for leveraging genomic knowledge through precision breeding, gene editing, and systems biology approaches to develop climate-resilient crops.
Md. Arif Sakil, S. Shorna, Maisha Rahman et al.· OBM Genetics· 0 citations
This assessment explores the groundbreaking possibilities of CRISPR-driven genome editing and biofortification methods for creating climate-resilient, nutrient-rich crops and suggests future pathways for utilizing biotechnological advancements to increase agricultural sustainability and human nutrition.
P. B. Angon, Sujit Mondal, A. Roy et al.· Frontiers in Plant Physiolog...· 0 citations
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