Genomic approaches to improve sustainability in livestock production systems
Background: Livestock production is indispensable for global food security, yet it faces constant pressure to maintain a sustainable balance between environmental, economic, and ethical demands. Objective: This study explores the past, present, and future of the livestock industry through genomic technologies. Methods/Approach: Tools such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS), and Genomic Selection (GS) have accelerated precise genetic improvement of traits like feed efficiency, productivity, and disease resistance. Key Tools: CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing further fosters livestock with improved genetic potential. Impact: Genomic-based breeding strategies reduce environmental impacts through lower methane-emitting ruminants and rumen microbiome utilization, while enhancing animal welfare via selection for stress resilience and innate disease resistance, reducing veterinary intervention. Conclusion: Overall, genomic approaches provide a powerful pathway for healthier, more productive, and sustainable livestock, supporting global food security amid climate and resource challenges.