Review
Sep 2026
Total Simulated Survey Error: Designing and Diagnosing Survey Responses from Large Language Models
A framework that enumerates conceptual errors and systematic biases that can occur at different stages of the survey simulation lifecycle is designed, called the Total Simulated Survey Error (TS2E) Framework, which provides a unified and end-to-end perspective on LLM-generated survey data.
Indira Sen, Georg Ahnert, Leah von der Heyde et al.
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