Unique Charge-density-wave Order and Fluctuation-induced Phonon Softening in the Optimally-doped Trilayer Cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+\delta}$
Charge-density-wave (CDW) order is a ubiquitous feature of cuprate superconductors that competes with superconductivity. However, its behavior remains poorly understood in trilayer compounds, which contain the optimal number of CuO$_2$ layers for superconductivity. Here, we report Cu $L_3$- and O $K$-edge resonant inel...