Chitosan-coated niosomal meropenem with enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from wastewater
Abstract Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a major therapeutic challenge due to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. This study developed chitosan-coated meropenem-loaded niosomes (Nio-MRP@CS) and evaluated their physicochemical properties and antibacterial, antibiofilm, and gene-modula...