Generative AI use and the 2022–2025 decline in PISA performance across countries
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has spread rapidly among students since 2022, and PISA 2025 recorded its lowest results. In a preregistered study, we related four independent country-level AI-use measures to the mathematics, reading and science PISA performance of 15-year-olds. Countries with more AI use scored...