Systematic evaluation of spatial transcriptomic annotation methods reveals conserved tumor microenvironment programs in NSCLC
Introduction Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables high-resolution mapping of cellular heterogeneity in tumor microenvironments, but downstream cell-type annotation remains highly method-dependent. Methods Here, we systematically evaluated four representative annotation frameworks—Seurat, CARD, RCTD, and SPOTlight—acros...