Closed-loop non-invasive ventilation in critical care: current evidence and clinical perspectives
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a cornerstone of acute and perioperative respiratory support, but its effectiveness is constrained by patient selection, interface leaks, patient-ventilator asynchrony, excessive inspiratory effort, and delayed recognition of treatment failure. Closed-loop and adaptive approaches may a...
F. S. Guimarães, Antonio M. Esquinas
· Frontiers in Anesthesiology · 0 citations