Antonio Citro

The capsule was never just a capsule: what islet encapsulation is for, now that immunoisolation is no longer its job

For more than four decades, islet encapsulation has been defined by a single objective: to immunoprotect transplanted cells while preserving glucose sensing and insulin delivery, thereby eliminating systemic immunosuppression. No passive device has yet achieved that objective with reproducible, durable and clinically m...