Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) occupies a unique position in global agricultural trade, prized for its distinctive aroma, superior milling recovery, and extra-long slender grains. However, simultaneously improving grain yield and premium quality attributes remains one of the most persistent challenges in basmati breeding. The present study evaluated genetic variability, trait associations, and yield-determining factors among 57 basmati rice genotypes across 18 morphological, yield, and grain quality characters during Kharif 2024 at Rice Research Station, Kaul, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) among genotypes for all 18 traits, confirming a broad spectrum of heritable diversity within the experimental material. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 41.56% for flag leaf length to 96.39% for days to 50% flowering, with high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean recorded for the number of grains per panicle, number of effective tillers per plant, harvest index, plant height, and grain yield per plant, indicating predominant additive gene action and strong prospects for direct phenotypic selection. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations of grain yield per plant with biological yield per plant (r = 0.584), harvest index (r = 0.490), number of grains per panicle (r = 0.400), 1000-grain weight (r = 0.365), and head rice recovery (r = 0.248), whereas plant height (r = −0.349) and days to maturity (r = −0.167) showed significant negative correlations with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis identified biological yield per plant (direct effect = 0.939) and harvest index (direct effect = 0.879) as the principal direct contributors to grain yield, with a modest residual effect of 0.011, confirming that the model adequately explained yield variation. Importantly, the positive association of grain yield with milling percentage, head rice recovery, and kernel dimensions indicates that improvements in yield need not compromise grain quality. On the basis of superior grain yield and quality parameters, ten genotypes, namely HKR-17-424, HKR-15-455, HKR-17-422, PB-7, UPR 4636-18-2-1-1, CSR 301-16 BT-208, Pusa 3067-16-10-6, PAU 8484-111-1-1, CSR BT-252-19, and PB-1885, were identified as promising breeding parents for developing high-yielding, export-quality basmati cultivars.
Ankita, Rakesh Kumar, Sudhir Sharma et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
This study evaluated and compared the induction characteristics of propofol and etomidate in 20 brachycephalic dogs undergoing various surgical procedures and premedicated with dexmedetomidine, glycopyrrolate, and butorphanol. The dogs were randomly divided into two groups of 10 animals each: group P (propofol) and group E (etomidate). All animals were pre-anaesthetized with dexmedetomidine (5 [.ig/kg body weight), glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg), and butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly in a single syringe, followed by preoxygenation. Induction was achieved intravenously to effect using propofol in group P and etomidate in group E. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. The mean induction doses of propofol and etomidate were 1.80±0.81 mg/kg and 0.72±0.50 mg/kg, respectively. Intubation was more smoothly facilitated in group P. Group P also exhibited a more pronounced reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, although values remained within physiological limits. Recovery was faster in group E, with earlier return of palpebral reflex, head lifting, and sternal recumbency. Etomidate demonstrated superior cardiovascular stability and recovery quality, indicating that it may be the preferred induction agent in brachycephalic dogs to optimize anaesthetic safety and outcomes.
Deepti Sharma, Ribha Bhalru, Adarsh Kumar et al.· Indian Journal of Veterinary...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during the 2024–2025 kharif season at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, to assess the effects of organic nutrient sources and plant growth-promoting microorganisms on soil fertility, corm yield and the economics of elephant foot yam [Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson] cv. Palam Zimikand-1. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications and ten pre-planting corm treatments comprising cow urine, buffalo urine, slurries prepared from animal dung and urine, cow-dung slurry, beejamrit, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and water. Post-harvest soil samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Treatment T9 (Bacillus subtilis) recorded the lowest soil pH (6.98) and electrical conductivity (0.189 dS m⁻¹), together with the highest organic carbon content (0.82%), available nitrogen (252.79 kg ha⁻¹), available phosphorus (25.95 kg ha⁻¹) and available potassium (161.37 kg ha⁻¹). The same treatment produced the highest corm yield (551.11 q ha⁻¹), gross income (₹1,650,780 ha⁻¹), net return (₹1,064,395.30 ha⁻¹) and benefit-cost ratio (2.82). Under the conditions of this experiment, pre-planting corm treatment with Bacillus subtilis performed better than the other tested treatments for most soil-fertility and economic indicators.
Kashish Rawat, Santosh Kumari, Ankita· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
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