Risk Assessment and Management Tool Use, Implementation Quality and Perceived Effectiveness During Shutdown and Turnaround Maintenance: Evidence from a Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Operator
Risk assessment and management (RAM) tools are central to shutdown and turnaround maintenance (STAM), but frequent use does not necessarily demonstrate implementation quality or safety effectiveness. This cross-sectional study analysed respondent-level survey data from 148 STAM professionals in a Nigerian upstream petr...