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A recurrence relation for the average singular value of a complex Gaussian random matrix

Aug 2026 · Complex Analysis and Operator Theory · Vol 20 · 4 citations · ⚡ 3 influential · 15 references
Medicine

Abstract

In this brief note, we obtain a recurrence relation for the average singular value α(d)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha (d)$$\end{document} of a complex valued d×d\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d\times d$$\end{document} matrix 1dX\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{d} }X$$\end{document} with Gaussian entries, of the form: αCd+1=αCd+R(d),\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\begin{aligned} \alpha _{ \mathbb {C} }\left( d+1\right) =\alpha _{ \mathbb {C} }\left( d\right) +R(d)\text {,} \end{aligned}$$\end{document}where R(d) can be written as the linear combination of two integrals involving Laguerre polynomials. This reduces to showing that R(d)<0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R(d)<0$$\end{document} (a non-trivial analysis problem) a 2016 conjecture of Bandeira, Kennedy and Singer, where it is predicted that α(d)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha (d)$$\end{document} decreases monotonically with d, from αC1=π4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha _{ \mathbb {C} }\left( 1\right) =\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{4}}$$\end{document}, to the d→∞\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$d\rightarrow \infty $$\end{document} limit 83π\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{8}{3\pi }$$\end{document} provided by the Marchenko-Pastur distribution. While this may point to a possible path to solving the conjecture, it is still far from a solution, since the two integrals R(d) are non-summable hypergeometric functions, and showing that R(d)<0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R(d)<0$$\end{document} is a non-trivial analysis problem.

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